B) types of hormones, carries, half- life

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Lipid-soluble hormone

Hormones that can pass through cell membranes; bind to intracellular receptors.

Water-soluble hormone

Hormones that cannot cross cell membranes; bind to surface receptors.

Steroid hormone

Lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol (e.g., cortisol, estrogen).

Thyroid hormone

Lipid-soluble hormones derived from iodine-containing amino acids (e.g., T3, T4).

Peptide hormone

Water-soluble hormones made of amino acids (e.g., insulin, glucagon).

Catecholamines

Water-soluble hormones derived from tyrosine (e.g., epinephrine, norepinephrine).

Carrier protein

Plasma protein that binds lipid-soluble hormones to protect and transport them.

Bound hormone

Hormone attached to a carrier protein; inactive until released.

Free hormone

Unbound hormone that can interact with target cells; biologically active.

Transport dynamics

The movement and availability of hormones in circulation, influenced by solubility and binding.

Half-life

Time required for half the hormone concentration to be cleared from the bloodstream.

Enzymatic degradation

Breakdown of hormones by enzymes, reducing their half-life.

Renal clearance

Removal of hormones from blood via the kidneys.

Hormone stability

The persistence of a hormone in circulation, influenced by solubility and carrier binding.