cpt exam

With regard to the application of the OPT model for the goal of body fat reduction, what is the best way to increase the calories burned?

1. Increase the intensity of each training session

2. Consume greater quantities of complete proteins

3. Increase the duration of cardiorespiratory fitness exercises

4. Move more through both structured exercise and daily physical activity

Move more through both structured exercise and daily physical activity

Which of the following is considered an "under the water" foundational adaptation, per the "iceberg effect"?

1. Strength

2. Power

3. Endurance

4. Stability

Stability

An elastic resistance band should not be stretched longer than what percentage of its resting length?

1. 50%

2. 80%

3. 100%

4. 250%

250%

Closed-chain exercises involve movements in which the distal extremities are not in a fixed position, and the force applied by an individual is great enough to overcome the resistance.

True 

False

False

Closed-chain movements are those in which the distal extremities (like the hands or feet) are in a fixed position, anchoring the body to the ground or an immovable object. This is in contrast to open-chain movements, where the distal limb moves freely in space.

• Examples of closed-chain exercises include push-ups, pull-ups, squats, and lunges. Conversely, open-chain exercises include biceps curls, lat pulldowns, bench presses, leg curls, and leg extensions

What term is used to describe training that adds a weight or load to dynamic, full-body, multiplanar movements?

1. Dynamic resistance training

2. Loaded movement training

3. Functional training

4. Cross-training

Loaded Movement Training

When utilizing devices such as a stability ball, BOSU ball, or the Terra-Core, the user is forced to actively engage their core musculature due to their body weight displacing air inside the bladder of the device, causing which of the following?

1. Perturbation

2. Percussion

3. Oscillation

4. Vibration

Perturbation

Which of the following modalities is most likely to allow for strength and/or power development in the transverse plane?

1. Suspended bodyweight trainers

2. Medicine balls

3. BOSU balls

4. Strength machines

Medicine balls

Kettlebell exercises have proven extremely beneficial in the development in which plane or of which chain?

1. Transverse plane

2. Anterior chain

3. Posterior chain

4. Frontal plane

Posterior Chain

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding proprioceptive modalities?

1. Using heavy weights while performing exercises on proprioceptive modalities is considered dangerous.

2. Proprioceptive modalities should be used only with the most advanced clients.

3. Using heavy weights while performing exercises on proprioceptive modalities has been shown to be safe and effective.

4. Proprioceptive modalities have not been shown to help improve balance.

Using heavy weights while performing exercises on proprioceptive modalities is considered dangerous.

Proper abdominal crunches on a stability ball allows for:

1. Less range of motion as compared to traditional floor crunches

2. Increased spinal extension due to the curvature of the ball

3. Greater support and safety for elderly clients

4. Greater range of motion, allowing for increased spinal flexion

Increased spinal extension due to the curvature of the ball

Core stability is best described as:

The ability to resist external resistance in the lumbar spine while the extremities are actively moving

The ability to transfer power from the upper body to the lower body for sports performance

The ability to decrease ROM in the thoracic spine, while increasing engagement of the rectus abdominus for spinal extension

The ability to generate power and rotation in the lumbar spine

The ability to resist external resistance in the lumbar spine while the extremities are actively moving

Proprioception is best described as which of the following statements?

The resistance to the external disruptions to one’s postural equilibrium

Awareness of the body’s position as it moves through multiple planes of motion

The body's ability to sense body position and limb movements

The brain’s positional awareness of the limbs, head, and trunk both at rest and in movement

The body's ability to sense body position and limb movements

Which of the following is considered one of the Four Horsemen of Fitness?

Kettlebell

ViPR

Sandbag

Medicine ball

Medicine ball

• "Four Horsemen of Fitness" are identified as the medicine ball, the Indian club, the dumbbell, and the wand. These tools have been considered foundational means of resistance training for hundreds of years.

Rotational movement of the torso should primarily occur where?

Sagittal plane

Thoracic spine

Lumbar spine

Frontal plane

Thoracic spine

When discussing suspended bodyweight training, which of the following is the most accurate statement?

1. It decreases challenges to balance and stability.

2. It increases muscular hypertrophy.

3. It decreases core muscle activation.

4. It increases flexibility and joint mobility.

It increases flexibility and joint mobility.

• Suspended bodyweight training is an innovative approach to bodyweight fitness training that utilizes a system of ropes and webbing.

• This system allows the user to perform various exercises by working against their own bodyweight. It is considered one of the many types of exercise modalities available.

Which of the following statements is the most accurate when discussing strength-training machines?

1. Not all strength-training machines are designed to fit all body types and thus can limit the effectiveness of the intended exercise.

2. Machines always work well for those who are obese or are smaller or taller than average.

3. Machines are superior to free weights for improving core stability because they increase core stability demands.

4. Machines work in multiple planes and allow for greater gains in strength development.

Not all strength-training machines are designed to fit all body types and thus can limit the effectiveness of the intended exercise.

Antirotational exercises are often this sort of movement by nature.

1. Unilateral

2. Loaded

3. Bilateral

4. Proprioceptive

Unilateral

Loaded movement training is best achieved with which training modality?

1. Strength machines

2. ViPR

3. Speed ladders

4. Suspended bodyweight training

ViPR

When using battle ropes as a modality, what diameter of rope would best be used for strength, power, and anaerobic adaptations in which exercises are performed for 30 seconds or less?

1. 0.5 in.

2. 2 in.

3. 1.5 in.

4. 1 in.

2 in

Which of the following would be the recommended stability ball size for someone under 5 feet tall?

1. 65 cm

2. 55 cm

3. 75 cm

4. 45 cm

45 cm

When performing high-velocity movements with medicine balls, the ball weight should be no more than what percentage of the user's body weight, according to current recommendations?

1. 40%

2. 30%

3. 10%

4. 20%

10%

The goal of the Certified Personal Trainer in utilizing machines in Phase 1 of the OPT model should be to do what?

1. Regress their clients to less-challenging movements and utilize more dumbbells

2. Progress their clients to more proprioceptively enriched exercises

3. Increase muscle size before moving their clients to Phase 2

4. Prepare their clients to perform 1RM before moving on to dumbbells or other advanced modalities

Progress their clients to more proprioceptively enriched exercises

Which of the following modalities is the least likely to increase joint instability?

1. Terra-Core

2. Resistance bands

3. Suspended bodyweight training

4. Strength machines

Strength machines

During the standing cable chest press, the resistance should be positioned to do what?

1. Pull the elbows into extension

2. Resist shoulder horizontal adduction

3. Pull the shoulders into flexion and scapular protraction

4. Resist shoulder extension and scapular retraction

Resist shoulder horizontal adduction

Which of the following modalities has the potential to be used effectively in every phase of the OPT model?

1. TRX Rip Trainer

2. Terra-Core

3. Cable machines

4. Suspended bodyweight training

Cable machines

Which of the following is an appropriate assessment for a senior client who is sedentary?

Pushing test

Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) test

Shark skill test

Davies test

Pushing test

What is the most appropriate gluteal strengthening exercise for a client with hypertension?

1. Floor bridge

2. Dumbbell squat while performing the Valsalva maneuver

3. Ball bridge

4. Standing cable hip extension

Standing cable hip extension

Which core exercise is most appropriate for an obese client to maximize comfort and to avoid potential hypotensive or hypertensive reactions to the exercise?

1. Incline plank

2. Supine floor crunches

3. Stability ball Russian twist

4. Supine reverse crunches

Incline plank

Which disease is caused by specific medical conditions or medications, including alcohol abuse, smoking, specific diseases, or particular medications, that disrupt normal bone reformation?

1. Type 1 (primary) osteoporosis

2. Type 1 diabetes

3. Type 2 diabetes

4. Type 2 (secondary) osteoporosis

Type 2 (secondary) osteoporosis

What are common physical characteristics of those with emphysema?

1. Those with emphysema frequently display knee valgus and pes planus.

2. Those with emphysema are frequently underweight and may exhibit hypertrophied neck muscles.

3. Those with emphysema are frequently overweight and may exhibit atrophied neck muscles.

4. Those with emphysema frequently display high oxygen content in the blood.

Those with emphysema are frequently underweight and may exhibit hypertrophied neck muscles.

Approximately what percentage of Americans aged 20 years and older are obese?

40%

Which disease is associated with normal aging and is attributable to a lower production of estrogen and progesterone, both of which are involved with regulating the rate at which bone is lost?

1. Type 2 diabetes

2. Type 1 diabetes

3. Type 2 (secondary) osteoporosis

4. Type 1 (primary) osteoporosis

Type 1 (primary) osteoporosis

Which of the following modalities is the least likely to increase joint instability?

1. Suspended bodyweight training

2. Strength machines

3. Resistance bands

4. Terra-Core

Strength machines

When discussing suspended bodyweight training, which of the following is the most accurate statement?

1. It increases flexibility and joint mobility.

2. It increases muscular hypertrophy.

3. It decreases core muscle activation.

4. It decreases challenges to balance and stability.

It increases flexibility and joint mobility.

What is the minimum weekly goal of energy expenditure from combined physical activity and exercise for obese clients?

1. 5,000 kcal

2. 500 kcal

3. 12,000 kcal

4. 1,200 kcal

1,200 kcal

Which of the following effects may be experienced with overtraining?

Select one:

High levels of cortisol, which lead to a catabolic environment

Low levels of cortisol, which lead to an environment that is catabolic

Elevated levels of cortisol, which lead to an anabolic environment

Lower levels of cortisol, which lead to an anabolic environment

High levels of cortisol, which lead to a catabolic environment

Which heart chamber gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs?

Select one:

Left ventricle

Right atrium

Pulmonary veins

Left atrium

Left Atrium

What advice would enable a client to breathe properly?

Sit upright and slowly breathe in through your mouth while allowing your chest to expand.

Sit upright and slowly breathe in through your nose while allowing your stomach to expand.

Sit with an increased kyphosis and slowly breathe in through your nose while allowing your stomach to expand.

Sit with an increased kyphosis and slowly breathe in through your nose while minimizing abdominal movement.

Sit upright and slowly breathe in through your nose while allowing your stomach to expand.

Vitamin and mineral supplements are which kind of supplements?

Performance supplements

Stimulants

Anabolic steroids

Health supplements

health supplements

What is the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1)?

The point at which the body switches to using carbohydrates to provide at least half the fuel for exercise

The point at which the body switches to using mostly fat as fuel for exercise

The point at which the body uses mostly protein as fuel for exercise

The point at which a person can no longer talk during exercise

The point at which the body switches to using carbohydrates to provide at least half the fuel for exercise

Which vitamin is the most transient?

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin A

Vitamin C

Vitamin C

What is cardiac output?

The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction

The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per beat or contraction

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

The posterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

Adductors (inner thigh) and hip external rotators

Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus

Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum

Hamstrings and erector spinae

Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus

Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in the United Kingdom?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

What is the optimal amount of protein per meal for muscle protein synthesis?

30 to 50 g

20 to 40 g

60 to 70 g

15 to 20 g

20g to 40g

Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant?

Eccentric

Isometric

Isokinetic

Concentric

Isokinetic

Which two electrolytes are most commonly supplemented by athletes to replace those lost in sweat?

Magnesium and sodium

Sodium and calcium

Potassium and manganese

Sodium and potassium

sodium and potassium

Which of the following hormones, if increased at baseline, may be indicative of overtraining?

Thyroxin

Testosterone

Cortisol

Growth hormone

Cortisol

Which system puts the body into a relaxed state, termed rest and digest?

Parasympathetic nervous system

Central nervous system

Somatic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic

What is end-diastolic volume?

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction

The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction

Which division of the skeleton is made up of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle?

Peripheral

Axial

Appendicular

Lateral

Appendicular

Which heart chamber gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs?

Right atrium

Left ventricle

Left atrium

Pulmonary veins

Left Atrium

What are the basic two types of disease?

Select one:

1. Acute and contagious

2. Chronic and noncommunicable

3. Chronic and not contagious

4. Chronic and acute

Chronic and acute

At her first visit to her new fitness trainer, Alisha's BMI was 26. According to this information, how would Alisha be classified?

Select one:

1. Obese

2. Overweight

3. Underweight

4. Healthy weight

Overweight

• <18.5: Underweight (Increased disease risk)

• 18.5–24.9: Healthy weight (Low disease risk)

• 25.0–29.9: Overweight (Increased disease risk)

• 30.0–34.9: Obese (High disease risk)

• 35.0–39.9: Obesity II (Very high disease risk)

• ≥40.0: Obesity III (Extremely high disease risk)

When it comes to exercise, older adults find which of the following to be the most motivating?

Select one:

• Improved physical appearance

• Competition with others

• Health and well-being

• Being a part of a social group
  

Health and well being

Vitamin C has a role in which of these functions?

Select one:

Collagen synthesis and immunity

Immunity only

Increasing bone density

Collagen synthesis only

Collagen synthesis and immunity

Which heart chamber gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs?

Select one:

Left ventricle

Right atrium

Pulmonary veins

Left atrium

Left atrium

Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?

Select one:

Inversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction

Eversion, plantar flexion, and ankle abduction

Pronation of the foot combines:

• Dorsiflexion (sagittal plane)

• Eversion (frontal plane)

• Abduction (transverse plane)

Supination of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?

Select one:

Inversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction

Inversion, Plantarflexion, and ankle adduction

Eversion, plantar flexion, and ankle abduction

• Supination of the foot combines:

  • Plantarflexion (sagittal plane)

  • Inversion (frontal plane)

  • Adduction (transverse plane)

When a person loses body weight, what is the only way that mass is lost?

Select one:

1. As ATP

2. As water

3. As exhaled oxygen

4. As exhaled carbon dioxide

As exhaled carbon dioxide

What is cardiac output?

Select one:

The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per beat or contraction

The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

How can basal metabolic rate (BMR) best be defined?

Select one:

The amount of energy required to maintain the body when active

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest

An anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development

A method to help determine an individual's heart rate

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest

How is upper crossed syndrome characterized?

Select one:

Excessive forward lean and arms fall forward

Flat feet, knee valgus, and internally rotated and adducted hips

Forward head and protracted shoulders

Anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine

Forward head and protracted shoulders

Which of the following is not a component that needs to be considered when planning a VT1 test?

Select one:

Duration of each stage

Environmental temperature

Talk test

Exercise modality

Environmental temperature

Which muscles are typically overactive in association with lower crossed syndrome?

Select one:

Upper trapezius

Abdominals

Hip flexors and lumbar extensors

Adductor complex

Hip flexors and lumbar extensors

Which of the following tests is used to measure lateral speed and agility?

Select one:

Lower extremity functional test (LEFT)

40-yard dash

Pro shuttle

Vertical jump

Lower extremity functional test (LEFT)

Which exercise is a total-body power-focused movement?

Select one:

Front medicine ball oblique throw

Medicine ball chest pass

Soccer throw

Two-arm push press

Two-arm push press

Which of the following is characterized as a local muscle of the core?

Select one:

Latissimus dorsi

Transverse abdominis

Rectus abdominis

Erector spinae

Transverse abdominis

Maintaining one's balance while on a skateboard that is moving while the feet remain in a fixed position can be described as what type of balance?

Select one:

Static balance

Dynamic balance

Semi-dynamic balance

Stationary balance

Semi-dynamic balance

Which of these is considered the most advanced plyometric exercise?

Select one:

Box jumps

Depth jumps

Ice skaters

Single-leg hops

Depth jumps

Which upper-body yoga stretch is considered controversial and may be a risk for injury?

Select one:

Downward dog pose

Cat pose

Plow pose

Bound angle pose

Plow pose

To increase the metabolic demand of SAQ exercises among weight-loss clients, which of the following adjustments to a workout session could be implemented?

Select one:

Decreased intensity

Increased complexity of exercises

Decreased rest periods

Fewer exercises

Decreased rest periods

Other than age, training history, and injury history, what screening tool is most beneficial in assessing whether a client is ready for plyometric training?

Select one:

PAR-Q+

Movement assessments

Body composition assessments

Strength assessments

Movement assessments

Asking a client to turn their head side to side during a balance exercise would challenge which system?

Select one:

Vestibular system

Somatosensory system

Visual system

Auditory system

Vestibular system

Active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action?

Select one:

Reciprocal inhibition

Lengthening reaction

Synergistic dominance

Length-tension relationships

Reciprocal inhibition

Which regions of the spine demonstrate kyphotic curves?

Select one:

Cervical and sacral

Thoracic and sacral

Cervical and thoracic

Thoracic and lumbar

Thoracic and sacral

Core and balance exercises are a component of which part of an OPT workout?

Select one:

Activation

Resistance training

Client's choice

Skill development

Activation

When developing a safe and effective warm-up for Phase 1, what is an important consideration for flexibility?

Select one:

Active stretches

Dynamic stretches

Sports drills

Self-myofascial techniques

Dynamic stretches

Research has demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise is best for which of the following?

Select one:

Reducing burnout

Providing psychological benefits

Developing intrinsic motivation

Winning a triathlon

Providing psychological benefits

If a new client indicates that they are frustrated with their lack of expected results, which barrier are they likely experiencing?

Select one:

Lack of social support

Ambivalence

Social physique anxiety

Unrealistic goals

Unrealistic goals