Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
continuous
variable that can take on any value within a certain range
control
variable that is used to manipulate the conditions in an experiment
confounding
variable that can influence the rs of iv and dv variable and may lead to incorrect conclusion
independent
the cause
independent
the things that researchers change or manipulate
dependent
the effect
dependent
the outcome that the researchers measure
dependent
the variables that the researchers are interested in understanding or explaining based on the manipulation
exogenous
factors that are outside the main process but can have an influence on the outcome
situational
specific conditions or circumstances under which the research is conducted, can influence the outcome
confounding
not the main focus but could influence the relationship between iv and dv
categorical
represents different categories or groups, does not have any numerical data and used to group data into distinct classes
latent
cannot be directly observed or measured
manifest
directly observed and measured
covariate
type of manifest, control for potential influences on relationship between the variables
background of the study
helps researchers gain insights into previous studies, theories, and gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed
background of the study
can identify the current state of knowledge and help determine how their study can contribute to the field.
background of the study
provides a solid foundation and rationale for the study
bos step 1
Conduct a thorough literature review to identify relevant studies
bos step 2
Analyze the existing literature to understand the current knowledge gaps.
bos step 3
Determine the significance of the problem and its relevance to the field
bos step 4
Clearly articulate the need for further research
statement of the problem
sets the foundation for the research study
statement of the problem
It establishes the focus, purpose, and relevance of the research and guides the subsequent steps in the research process
statement of the problem
helps researchers stay on track and ensures the study remains coherent and objective
sop step 1
Clearly state the problem being investigated
sop step 2
Provide a concise background and context for the problem
sop step 3
Highlight the significance and relevance of the problem
sop step 4
Narrow down the problem to a specific and manageable scope
research question
guide the study and help in collecting relevant data to address the problem under investigation
research question
typically structured to be specific, measurable, and achievable within the scope of the study
descriptive
Paints a picture of the respondents and the variables/factors in the investigation
causal
Establishes the cause-and-effect relationship between the variables
correlational
Establishes if there are relationships between the variable and the nature of those relationships
rq step 1
Any statement of the problem must contain a DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH QUESTION (DRQ).
rq step 2
A research can have SEVERAL DRQ’s
rq step 3
Any statement of the problem must also have a CAUSAL RESEARCH QUESTION (CRQ)
rq step 4
if the research idea calls for it, a CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH QUESTION (CoRQ).
scope and delimitation
essential to establish the boundaries and limitations of the research
scope and delimitation
helps researchers narrow down their focus and ensures the study remains manageable and feasible within the available resources and timeframe
sd step 1
Write your title and identify your variables
sd step 2
Start with the Independent and Dependent Variables then choose 3 Extraneous Variables
sd step 3
Identify and characterize the variables in your research title.
sd step 4
Arrange the “inclusions” as one paragraph
sd step 5
Arrange the “exclusions” as another paragraph.
significance of the study
helps researchers understand the practical implications of their research and its potential impact on society, policy, or practice.
ss step 1
Identify the individuals, organizations, or communities that may benefit from the research finding
ss step 2
Determine the direct and indirect benefits of the research findings to each beneficiary
ss step 3
Write the first paragraph of the with the indirect benefits of the research findings. Then followed by a linker to the next paragraph which specify the direct benefits of the research findings to each beneficiary.
direct
immediate and specific contributions
indirect
broader and longer term impacts
Theoretical Framework
single formal theory that serves as the primary means to understand and investigate the research problem
Theoretical Framework
guide the development, collection, and analysis of research
Theoretical Framework
Theories are established and validated by experiments and evidence
Identify key concepts
Identify the main concepts or variables that your research will focus on
Evaluate and explain relevant theories
Review existing theories and models that are relevant to your research topic. Explain how they relate to your research and how they will be used to support your arguments.
Show how your research fits into the existing literature
Demonstrate how your research will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on your topic
Develop propositions
Develop testable propositions that describe the relationships between the concepts in your theoretical framework
mediating
explains the process through which two variables are related
moderating
affects the strength and direction of that relationship
mediator
a way in which an independent variable impacts a dependent variable. It’s part of the causal pathway of an effect, and it tells you how or why an effect takes place
moderator
influences the level, direction, or presence of a relationship between variables. It shows you for whom, when, or under what circumstances a relationship will hold
moderator
it can be a Categorical variable and quantitative variable
Conceptual Framework
h includes one or more formal theories, as well as other concepts and empirical findings from the literature.
Conceptual Framework
used to show relationships among these ideas and how they relate to the research study
Select a Topic
Choose a research topic that interests you and is relevant to your field of study
Create a Research Question
Formulate a clear and specific research question that your study aims to answer
Review the Available Literature
Conduct a thorough review of existing literature related to your research topic to understand the current state of knowledge in the field
Identify the Variables
Determine the key variables that will be the focus of your study. These variables can be independent, dependent, or control variables
Outline the Relationships
Define the relationships between the identified variables. This step involves understanding how the variables are connected and influence each other within the context of your research
Create the Mode
Develop a visual diagram or model that summarizes the concepts of your study using the IPO model. This model should represent the input, process, and output of your research
ipo
model is commonly used in illustrating the conceptual framework of research