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History of Physical Activity

The study of changes and stability in physical activity across different societies and cultures over time.

Primary Sources

Items produced in the time period being studied.

Secondary Sources

Items produced about the time period being studied.

Authenticity

The quality of being genuine or not.

Credibility

The quality of being trusted or believed in.

Pre-1840 American Physical Activity

Characterized by native American sports and the impact of European settlement, with scarce historical documentation.

Muscular Christianity

A movement emphasizing the integration of physical fitness with Christian values during 1840-1900.

Title IX

A federal law that increased female participation in sports and changed societal perceptions of gender-appropriate physical activities.

Racial Stereotyping

Media portrayal and perception towards racial identity that can lead to negative assumptions.

Stacking

The unusual distribution of white and black athletes in certain sport positions that cannot be explained by random distribution.

Socioeconomic Status

A social position based on wealth, education, and occupational prestige.

Cultural Expressions in Sports

Deceptions related to African American boys concerning their likelihood of becoming professional athletes.

Leadership in Women's Sports

The decrease in the percentage of women coaching female teams.

Gender Expectations

Norms or expectations about behavior linked to societal understandings of sexuality and procreation.

Participation by Socioeconomic Class

Variations in types and amounts of physical activity among people of different socioeconomic statuses.