IAH 208 Exam 3

Jubba

handclapping technique for dance "patting juba"

Hambone

handclapping and singing in rhyme

African Methodist Episcopal Church

founded by Richard Allen (1794). African Americans made their own church so they could pray together, seen as social center

Sung Semon

talk (regular speech), recitation (speech with rhythm), chant (song rhythm, different pitches), song-chant (closer to song), song, (melody present)

Spirituals

African American religious folksongs, usually centered around social concerns (especially slavery)

Melismatic Texture

more than 1 note per syllable

Syllabic Texture

one note per syllable

Lining Out

a practice that started during slavery, line out line you would sing and then sing it

Gospel

came out of Holiness Movement (19th C.), combo of music forms (spirituals, college & jubilee quartets, blues & jazz, vocal & instrumental improviastion

Whooping

style of preaching involving rhythmic chanting/storytelling, typically to end a sermon

Work Song

rhythmic chants accompanying physical labor tasks, typically to express feelings of hardship/community

Hymn

a religious song/poem praising a god

Stanza

a group of lines forming basic unit of a poem, a verse

Blues

originated in deep south, soulful melodies, evolved from african musical traditions like work songs, spirituals.

Delta Blues

one of earliest style of blues, originating in Mississippi Delta. raw soulful vocals and acoustic guitar. Slide guitar and percussion

Downhome Blues

raw, less polished sound, from rural south areas

Field Holler

individual cries sung to communicate over long distance, form of vocal expression using falsetto, bending pitch & sudden change

Syncretism

combination of different forms of belief or practice

Kreyol

Kreyol: a syncretic language with french vocab but with african languages

Vodou

Vodou: national religion of Haiti. 80-85% of Haitians practice Vodou. Draws from Catholicism. Monotheistic

Voodoo

Voodoo: U.S. interpretation of Haitian culture, built up through movie & TV stereotypes

Danbala

Danbala: powerful spirit associated with snakes. St. Patrick

Ezili

Ezili: spirit of love and beauty/childbirth. Associated with Virgin Mary. Has two spirits: ezili Freda (love beauty) and Ezili Danto (childbirth)

Lwa

Lwa: Catholic saints merged with African spirits & are anthropomorphic (having human attributes)

Veve

Veve: flour/cornmeal drawings. Draawn in Lwa's image to invite them to ceremony. Lwa have special musical rhythms & spacial designs

Bonddye

Bondye: The god in Vodou (good god)

Nanchon

Nanchon: "nation" or family of spirits

Rada

Rada: nanchon that are cool, agricultural spirits

Petwo

Petwo: nanchon that are hot, aggressive spirits

Ousi

dance used to achieve ASC, they then take on attributes of Lwa

Langaj

speaking in tongues

Ogan

struck piece of metal, plays timeline

polyrhythm

two or more rhythms simultaneously

Shiva

god of dance (nataraja)

Bharatanatyam

south indian dance, derived from temple dances. 

19th century: done by devadasis or temple dancers

Devadasis

dance, were “married” to the temple. women who were not attached to men

Mudras

hand and finger gestures

Abhinaya

expressive use of eyes, mouth, and head (also version of “seated dancing”)

Playback Singers

lip-synching actors mouth words

Lata Mangeshkar

playback singer, over 25,000 recordings

Legba

powerful lwa, papa legba, guardian of crossroads and invoked at beginning of every ceremony to open spiritual doorway

Ogou

lwa, spirit of fire, war, patrol of blacksmiths and soldiers. associated with courage, justice (Ogou feray)

Poto Mitan

central pillar/pole in Haitian Vodou temples, also powerful cultural metaphor for haitian women’s central role in society. 

Ason

a ritual rattle used in vodou ceremonies by priests and priestesses, called ungan and manbo. Used to call upon lwas

Tanbou

national instrument of Haiti, a barrel drum that originated in West Africa.

Oungan

male priest in Vodou who leads rituals

Manbo

female priestess who leads rituals

Lanbi

conch, sea snail

Hinduism

religion in India, multiple gods, karma

Vedas

Hindu scriptures

Ramayana

Hindu epic, story of Prince Rama’s quest to save his wife who was abducted by Demon King Ravana

Mahabharata

Hindu epic, story of dynastic struggle between two sets of cousins, the Pandavas and Kauravas for control of a kingdom in Northern India

Yoga

spiritual integration

Karma Yoga

works yoga

Jnana Yoga

meditation yoga

Bhakti yoga

love yoga (spiritual love)

Moksa

release from cycle of rebirth

Om (AUM)

used to chant to connect with the devine

Krishna

avatar or incarnation of Vishnu, depicted as blue, plays the flute, has ability to make others fall in love. Krishna and Radha are comic lovers destined to long for each other

Radha

Hindu goddess, chief consort of Krishna, goddess of love, compassion, and devotion, depicted as gopi (milkmaid)

Gharana

musical style of performance or “school”, north indian classical

Guru

teacher in Hindi

Ustad

teacher in urdu

Vinaya

humility or surrender to guru, touching a person’s feet

Sadhana

practice leading to self-realization. teacher shares what they know selectively

Riaz

endless practice

Raga

musical expressive mode or melody type, characterizes musical phrases and range. associated with 9 sentiments

Gamaka

ornament or shake

Sruti

Sanskrit, tonal center of composition, based on sa and pa (notes on indian scale)

Tala

rhythmic cycle, 17 drum strokes, mnemonics called bols

Sam

tala beat, stressed primary beat

Tali

tala beat, stressed secondary beat

Khali

tala beat, unstressed empty beat

Tintal

16 beat cycle

Sitar

fretted, plucked lute (north india)

Vina

plucked lute with large gourd resonator (south india)

Tabla

tuned pair of drums (north india)

Mridangam

double-headed drum (south india)

Cover

reproduction of one artist’s tune by another

Crossover

one type of music appealing to another musical market

Cross-fertilization

musical styles shaped by other musical styles

Caste

caste system in India

Avatar

deity’s decent or manifestation on earth

Karma

principle cause and effect, person’s actions influence reincarnation

Kriti

creation, work, accomplishment

Harmonium

adapted, european origin keyboard instrument

Brahmin

Brahmin varna (highest social class), study and preservation of sacred knowledge (vedas)

Tambura

long-necked, plucked string instrument

Kudam

pot/vessel madde of clay or metal

Rasa

Sanskrit for essence, taste, flavor

Drone (drona)

central musical element, continuous sustained pitch