Types of Meaning and Comm

Purpose Communication Week 2 & 3

It is the study of body movements to judge inner state of emotions expressed through different parts of the body.

Kinesics

What is communicated of the social circumstances of language use.

Social Meaning

Sending of message from subordinates to superior.

Upward Communciation

Related to connotative — the type of emotion the sentence invokes.

Emotive Meaning

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

“COMMUNICATION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH MESSAGES ARE TRANSFERRED FROM SOURCE TO A RECEIVER”

A passage that explains the meaning of a term (a word, phrase or other set of symbols), or a type of thing.

Meaning (what is meaning)

The term to be defined.

definiendum (plural definienda)

It involves the study of voice quality, volume, speed rate and the manner of speaking beyond the words.

Paralanguage

The sentence means what it is about. The 'reference' of a sentence, as opposed to its 'sense'.

Denotative Meaning

Types of Communication

VONFIT

The meaning is determined by metaphor, and not actual reference.

Metaphorical meaning

It is characterized by absence of feedback from the receiver.

One Way Communication

The relationship between signs and their users.

Pragmatic Meaning

Means transmission of meaning other than oral or written words. This transmission can be through facial expression, body posture, eye contact etc.

Non – Verbal Communication

The relationship between different signs.

Intralingual Meaning

Is being used 35% of the time.

Verbal Communication

Tends to be described as the definitional, 'literal', 'obvious' or 'commonsense' meaning of a sign.

Denotation

It involves active feed-back from the receiver to the sender to ensure that the receiver has understood the message in the same sense that sender intends to convey.

Two Way Communication

May refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication.

Language

The one who sends the message.

Sender

The meaning of the sentence is determined by (is a part of) a set of logical inferences, such as composition, subordination, etc.

Logical Meaning

Who said this, “COMMUNICATION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH MESSAGES ARE TRANSFERRED FROM SOURCE TO A RECEIVER”

Rogers and Shoemaker

In the case of linguistic signs, the meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide.

Denotative Meaning

Examples are shaky voice reveals nervousness, clear voice reveals confidence, broken voice reveals lack of preparation etc.

Paralanguage

The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called ___________.

Linguistics

It involves the use of symbols that generally have universal meanings for all who are talking part in the process.

Verbal Communication

The sentence means what the author intended it to say.

Intentional meaning

It is that channel of communication in which message is transmitted in spoken form.

Oral Communication

Types of Meaning

splitcesm plitfadd

The sender sent to the receiver and is the reason for communication.

Message

Physical distance and space.

Proxemic

Its meaning is determined with reference to the situation or context in which the word is used.

Deictic Meaning

It is the flow of information from superior to subordinate in the organisational hierarchy.

Downward Communication

A term may have many different senses or meanings. For each such specific sense, a _________________ is a cluster of words that defines that term.

definiens (plural definientia)

Also called 'taxis'. (Kies)

Logical Meaning

Types of Verbal Communication

Oral and Written Communication

What is called to what defines the term?

Definiens/Definientia

Also known as "sender's meaning"

Intentional Meaning

What is called to the term being defined?

Definiendum/Definienda

Two types of formal communication.

Upward and Downward Communication.

It is what the receiver send back to the sender.

Feedback

The sentence means what it says.

Literal Meaning

It is that in which information is exchanged in the written or printed form.

Written Communication

The sentence means what it says that can be empirically confirmed or falsified.

Positivist Meaning

It is internal dialogue occuring within the mind of an individual. It may be clear or confused depending upon the individual’s state of mind.

Intrapersonal Communication

What is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis.

Thematic Meaning

Percentage of how often Non-Verbal Communication is used.

65%

Also known as 'utterance' meaning (Griffiths).

Literal Meaning

Approximately, how many languages are spoken by humans today?

3000 - 6000 languages

This can also be based on visual rather than auditive stimuli, for example in sign languages and written language.

Natural Languages

Types of Informal Communication

Inter & Intra

In general concept, it refers to the cognitive faculty that enables humans to learn and use systems of complex communication.

Language

It is communication structured on the basis of hierarchy, authority & accountability.

Formal Communication

The sentence means what it is used for, what it does.

Functional Meaning

It is communication among two or more persons. It is an important element of the organisation.

Interpersonal Communication

These are typically related to the interpreter's class, age, gender, ethnicity and so on.

Connotation

It involves active feed-back from the receiver to the sender to ensure that the receiver has understood the message in the same sense that sender intends to convey.

Two way communication

Also regarded as an analogue code.

Connotation

It is relatively less structured & spontaneous communication arising out of day to day routine & meetings among people.

Informal communication

The manner in which the word is pronounced or emphasized can change its meaning.

Accent

A formal communication that refers to the horizontal flow of message among colleagues.

Horizontal Communication

The sentence's meaning is related to what it doesn't say, to the range of possible words or sentences that could be said instead.

Type meaning

Signs are more 'polysemic' - more open to interpretation - than their denotations.

Connotation

Meaning is truth.

Semantic Meaning

It may be clear or confused depending upon the individual’s state of mind.

Interpersonal Communication

It is sometimes regarded as a digital code.

Denotation

It is used to refer to the socio-cultural and 'personal' associations (ideological, emotional etc.) of the sign.

Connotation

It is internal dialogue occuring within the mind of an individual.

Interpersonal Communication

The word "language” is derived from a latin ________ which means __________________________.

Latin “lingua” meaning “language, tongue”

Examples of auditive stimuli

sign language and written language

It has a system of signs for encoding and decoding information.

Language

It is related to connotative - the type of emotion the sentence invokes.

Emotive Meaning