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z-score measures the distance between a particular observation and the mean _______ in units of ___________
measured, standard deviation
a percentile is another measure of relative standing, most often used for __________ datasets
large
A set of n measurements on variable x has been arranged from smallest to largest. The pth percentile is the value of x that is greater than _______ of the measurements and is less than the remaining _________
p% , 100-p%
Lower quartile (first quartile) Q1 is the value of x that is _________ of measurements and __________
greater than 25%, less than 75%
2nd quartile Q2 is the ____________
median
Upper quartile (upper quartile) (Q3) is the value of x that is ______ of measurements and _____________
greater than 75%, less than 25%
Interquartile range (IQR) for a set of measurements is the difference between the ______ and ______ quartiles (IQR= Q3-Q1)
third and first
quartiles tell you ______________
distribution of data
Use five numbers to summarize data
Minimum, Q1, Median, Q3, Maximum
Box plots can be used to detect ___________
Outliers
An _______ is the process by which an observation (or measurement) is obtained
Experiment
A ______ is the outcome observed on a single repetition
simple event
an ______ is the collection of simple events
event
two events are __________ if when one event occurs the others can't and vice versa
mutually exclusive
simple events are _____ mutually exclusive
all
The set of all simple events is called the __________, S
sample space
some experiments can be generated in stages and the sample space can be generated in a ___________
tree diagram
In this population, the ______________________ of the event A is defined as the probability of event A
relative frequency
One requirement for simple events probabilities if that each probability must lie between _____ and _____
0, 1
One requirement for simple events probabilities is that the sum of probabilities for all __________ in S equals 1
simple events
the probability of an event A is equal to the sum of the probabilities of the __________ contained in A
simple events
Simple events have __________ probabilities
equal
The probability of an event is the sum of probabilities of the simple events it contains because the simple events are ______________
mutually exclusive
The first step in calculating the probability of an event is to list all ___________ in the sample space
simple events
The second step in calculating the probability of an event is to assign an appropriate ___________ to each simple event
probability
The third step in calculating the probability of an event is to determine which simple events result in the _________ of interest
event
The fourth step in calculating the probability of an event is to _________ the probability of the simple events that result in the event of interest
sum
Each sample event has probability ________
1/N
In the P(A) equation P(A)=nₐ/N, nₐ is the number of ___________ that result in event A
simple events
The first rule for counting the number of simple events is the ________ rule
mn
The second rule for counting the number of simple events is the counting rule for ___________
permutations
The third rule for counting the number of simple events
counting rule for combinations
If there are m possible outcomes and, for each of these outcomes, there are n possible outcomes for the second stage, then there are mn possible outcomes for the experiment
mn rule
P(A)= nₐ/N where nₐ is the number of simple events that result in event A
Probability of event A equation
Probability of event A equation using relative frequency
P(A)= lim n->∞ frequency/n
