wk4_ATP_from_glucose

Chemical Energy

Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, such as atoms and molecules.

Glycolysis

The metabolic process that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating small amounts of ATP and NADH.

Citric Acid Cycle

Also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions.

Reduced

A term describing a molecule that has gained electrons, typically associated with the addition of a hydrogen atom or loss of oxygen.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction, often resulting in an increase in oxidation state.

ATP Synthase

An enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during the process of cellular respiration.

NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an electron carrier that accepts electrons and is reduced to NADH.

Acetyl CoA

A central metabolite in cellular respiration, formed from pyruvate, that enters the citric acid cycle.

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

A method of generating ATP directly from the phosphorylation of ADP during a metabolic reaction.