Children and Media NYU Final

In youth aged 2-19 _____ suffer from obesity

18.5%

What age group is obesity most prevalent in?
A. 2-5 year olds
B. 6-11 year olds
C.12-19 years year olds

12-19 year olds (20.6%)

What state has the lowest rate of obesity?

Colorado

Children who watch more than 3 hours of TV a day are ____% more likely to become obese

50%

What are potential complications of childhood obesity?

early puberty and menarche in girls, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, social consequences, depression, anxiety, etc.

What was the objective in the study examining the relationship between screen time and metabolic syndrome (Mark and Jensen 2008)?

determining the dose-relationship between screen time and metabolic rate

True or False: metabolic rate during TV viewing is significantly higher than during rest

FALSE: True or False: metabolic rate during TV viewing is significantly lower than during rest

What does advertising alter in children's relationship with food?

Preferences, purchase requests, and eating habits

Americans spent more on ______ than education in 2011

Fast Food

True/False: Non-white hispanics are most likely to suffer from obesity

False; hispanics have the highest percentage of obese children and adolescents

Limiting screen time, limiting eat with w/screen media, encouraging an active lifestyle, and educating parents of modeling screen limits are all ____________ __________ efforts

obesity prevention

Lessening screen time is an __________ ____________ effort

obesity intervention

The ___________ is a key structure for the fast, automatic, and implicit evaluation of socially relevant stimuli

amygdala

Unconcious Bias

Implicit Bias

belief that a group has a shared characteristic

Implicit Stereotype

When does implicit bias occur?

When forming negative opinions about out groups

Children use _____________ to guide cognitive processes and make inferences about behavior and psychological traits

in group membership

What is the IAT (Implicit Association Test)?

measures attitudes and beliefs that people may be unable or unwilling to report on

What is a disadvantage of the IAT?

A single test is unlikely to be a good predictor

What is an advantage of the IAT?

predicts behavior in areas of discrimination

intention or unintentional verbal/nonverbal behaviors that occur in everyday interactions

microaggression

meditation, education, and intellectual curiosity are examples of __________

ways of reducing implicit bias

Asking someone where they're really from is a form of ________

microaggression

______ is potentially the largest source of gender stereotypes for kids

the media

media ________ implicit attitudes

reinforces

intellectual curiosity and positive early education experiences are ways to reduce __________ in children

implicit bias

exposure and attitude changes have been linked to increased ___________ of minorities

exposure and attitude changes have been linked to increased ACCEPTANCE of minorities

diagnostic criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

restriction, fear of food, disturbance of body image

recurrent binge eating and compensatory behavior are diagnostic criteria for _________

Bulimia Nervosa

body image

attitudes, feelings, and thoughts related to appearance

At what age does the desire to be thin start?

5-6 years old

_______ is one of the strongest pressures of socioeconomic pressures

media

body dissatisfaction for girls is centered around ______

weight

What fuels body dissatisfaction for boys?

drive for masculinity; desire for muscle mass

What were the methods used in Fiji study on TV and Eating Disorders?

multi-wave cross sectional design compared two samples of girls before and after TV exposure

What were the results from the Fiji study on TV and Eating Disorders?

disordered eating was more prevalent following exposure

gender

social and psychological traits that classify a person as female, masculine, or adrogynous

sex

biological characteristcs that define humans as male or female

gender identity

one's sense of gender

When someone's gender identity does not match their sex?

transgender

When someone's gender identity does match their sex?

cisgender

sex based on genetic makeup

genetic sex

phenotype

sex based on physical attributes

intersex

presence of intermediate or indeterminate characteristics

______ is the first phase of sexual development in girls

telerache (breast)

______ is the second phase of sexual development in girls

Pubarche (pubic hair)

______ is the third phase of sexual development in girls

Menstruation (Menarche)

______ is the first phase of sexual development in boys

increase in testicular size (gonadarche)

______ is the second phase of sexual development in boys

pubic hair

______ is the third phase of sexual development in boys

body/facial hair

______ is the fourth phase of sexual development in boys

voice change

What are the social implications of early onset puberty for girls?

decreased confidence and status

What are the social implications of early onset puberty for boys?

increased confidence and status

According to the AAP, children/teens need ____________ about human sexuality

straightforward and accurate

True of False: studies have shown that removing abstinence from sex education is effective

False; teaching both abstinence and safe sex practices such as contraceptives is the most effective preventative measure

what were the results from the "Media as a Sexual Super Peer for Early Maturing girls?

girls with early onset of puberty reported more interest in sexual media

aggression

hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another; readiness to attack or confront.

violence

intentional use of physical force or power

arousal

increase in heart rate and blood pressure

general aggression model

states that activation and application of aggression knowledge is memory based

what are the 3 factors in the general aggression model?

1- input variables (the person; the situation)
2- current internal state (thoughts, emotions, and arousal)
3- outcomes from decision processes (thoughtful vs impulsive action)

________ is the type of media that have the highest risk portrayals of aggression for children under the age of 7

cartoons

Stereotypes Identification

The idea that emotionally and cognitively identifying with fictional minority characters can increase acceptance while also enforcing stereotypes

At what age do children begin to understand their sexuality is fixed?

5-7

joint policy statement

an attempt at evidence based public policy about impact on violence on child/adolescent development and behavior

true or false: the correlation between media violence and aggression is stronger than the correlation between smoking and lung cancer

true!

pride in accomplishments is a motivation for children to _______

play video games

relief from boredom and mood changes is a motivation for adults to _________

play video games

What is considered a hallmark of adolescence?

developing a distinct identity separate from parents

the automatic nervous system is divided into two parts:

sympathetic and parasympathetic

_____________ and _____________ are important factors in determining the risk of violent video games

deep engagement and high-trait aggression personality

the effect size for aggressive behavior after viewing these types of media is largest?

cartoons and erotica

10-15 years after the introduction to television, the annual incidents of white homicide deaths increased by

90%

children below this age have trouble determining distinguishing between fantasy and reality

7

protective factors against risks who play violent video games

supportive and involved parents, even Temperament, cognitive strengths, social economic stability

is correlated to video game play and is what actively affects a person's willingness to help a person in need

desensitization

its hypothesized that children with ADHD may use video games as __________

self-medication

excitation-transfer

aggressive behavior that occurs as a result of misattributing a source of arousal is likely due to

this game is associated with being as addictive as cocaine

fortnight

mental disorder characterized by a tendency to gratify an immediate desire or impulse

impulse control disorders

addiction

dependence that is beyond voluntary control

tolerance

markedly increased amounts to achieve desired affects

kleptomania, intermittent explosive disorder are examples of

impulsive control disorder

this country has camps has to cure internet addiction

south korea

internet addiction can lead to higher rates of what diagnoses

ADHD symptoms, depression, hostility, and social phobia

5 subtypes of internet addiction

cyber-sexual addition, cyber-relational, net compulsions,

What group is most likely commit suicide?

white men

What group is less likely commit suicide?

african american women

children and adolescents might present mood depression as

mood liability, irritability, low frustration tolerance, social withdrawl

waht are some protective factors for suicide?

religious beliefs, coping skills, support

True or False In childhood, male and females are equally likely to have depression

true

What were the result of the effects of drug overdose in TV drama study

15% of patients who had viewed the episode reported it had influenced them.

What range of adolescents are at greater risk of suicide following exposure to another person's suicide?

15-19 year olds

What are the variables that influence the media's contagion of suicide following a suicide story?

amount, duration, and prominence

active mediation

Having conversations with children about media content; positive/negative mediation

restrictive mediation

Setting rules and limits (beneficial to younger kids)

coviewing

parents discussing media content while consuming

authorative parenting

high-expectation for self control and high sensitivity

authoritarian parenting

high-expectation for self-control and low sensitivity

permissive parenting

low expectation for self control and high sensitivity