Energy II: Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on the Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Chain in cellular respiration.

Redox Reactions

Chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between two species.

Electron Carriers

Molecules that transport electrons in cellular respiration, such as NADH and FADH2.

Krebs Cycle

The metabolic process that converts Acetyl CoA into energy, producing NADH, FADH2, ATP, and CO2.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The production of ATP using the energy derived from electron transport and the establishment of a proton gradient.

Mitochondrial Membrane

The double-layered membrane surrounding mitochondria, where electron transport and ATP synthesis occur.

Acetyl CoA

The molecule that enters the Krebs cycle, derived from pyruvate and used to produce energy.

Hydrogen Ion Gradient

A difference in concentration of hydrogen ions across a membrane, essential for ATP production.

ATP Synthase

An enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy from the H+ gradient.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons, crucial for electron transport chain function.

Krebs Cycle Products

Per molecule of glucose, the Krebs cycle produces 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, and 6 CO2.

Final Electron Acceptor

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water.

Cristae

The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase surface area for ATP production.

Chemiosmosis

The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.

Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

NADH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form); an important electron carrier in cellular respiration.

FADH2

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced form); another significant electron carrier involved in the electron transport chain.