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what is sexual selection?
where individuals choose their mate based on what they believe to be desirable characteristics they want to pass onto their offspring
what is anisogamy?
differences between male and female sex cells
what supporting research is there for sexual selection?
Buss surveyed over 10,000 adults in 33 countries
found females universally put more importance on resource related characteristics in a partner
men preferred younger mates and put more value on attractiveness/ability to reproduce
as study conducted with large sample and over wide variety of cultures, it has high ecological validity
what are the two types of sexual characteristics?
primary and secondary
what are primary sexual characteristics?
body structures directly concerned with reproduction that allow us to tell males from females
what are secondary sexual characteristics?
features which appear at puberty and develop through adulthood that aid in attraction
what is dimorphism?
where the sexes of the same animal or plant species exhibit different characteristics, particularly those directly involved in reproduction
what are the two types of sexual selection?
inter and intra
what is inter-sexual selection?
where females have preferences for males who possess certain qualities, e.g. greater resources
quality over quantity
what is intra-sexual selection?
where males compete with one another for females
quantity over quality
what supporting research is there for inter-sexual selection?
Clark and Hatfield asked male and female student volunteers to approach opposite sex students on a campus
asked them: “I’ve noticed you around the campus. I find you very attractive. Will you go to bed with me tonight?”
75% of male students agreed but not a single female student said yes
this real life application increases the ecological validity of sexual selection types
what are the weaknesses of sexual selection and human reproductive behaviours?
ignores social and cultural influences
deterministic and reductionist
ignores social and cultural influences
theory is outdated
social norms have changed around sexual behaviour
women take more control over their sexuality, e.g. contraception is more readily available
less dependent on men to provide for them
not a full explanation and has low temporal validity
deterministic and reductionist
suggests women only choose partner based on the amount of resources they have
and men only choose based on how attractive they are
creates harmful stereotypes which don’t fit society now
question how ecological validity in current day