VOCABULARY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

cerebral

pertaining to the cerebrum

electrocardiogram

record of the electricity in the heart

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

cephalic

pertaining to the head

nephrectomy

removal of the kidney

osteotomy

incision of a bone

oncology

study of cancerous tumors

renal

pertaining to the kidney

psychosis

abnormal condition of the mind

carcinogenic

pertaining to producing cancer

subhepatic

pertaining to below the liver

hyperglycemia

excessive blood sugar

pericardium

membrane surrounding the heart

resection

process of cutting back (removal)

prognosis

prediction about the outcome of treatment

hypodermic

pertaining to under the skin

nucleus

Control center of the cell, containing chromosomes

anabolism

The process of building up proteins in a cell

metabolism

The total of the chemical processes in a cell

histologist

A scientist who studies tissues

genes

Regions of DNA within a chromosome

pharynx

Throat

adipose tissue

Collection of fat cells

trachea

Windpipe

ureter

Tube from the kidney to the urinary bladder

larynx

Voice box

pleura

Membrane surrounding the lungs

cartilage

Flexible connective tissue at joints

urethra

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Craniotomy

incision of the skull

Epigastric

pertaining to above the stomach

Chondroma

tumor of cartilage

Umbilical

pertaining to the navel

Posterior

pertaining to the back, behind

Intervertebral

pertaining to between the vertebrae

mediastinum

Space between the lungs

pituitary

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

mitochondria

Sausage-shaped cellular structures in which catabolism takes place

epithelial

Pertaining to skin (surface) cells

sarcoma

Tumor of flesh tissue (malignant)

visceral

Pertaining to internal organs

karyotype

Picture of the chromosomes in the cell nucleus

Myelitis

Inflammation of the spinal cord

Angiography

Process of recording blood vessels

Myalgia

Pain of a muscle

Thoracentesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest

Staphylococci

Berry-shaped (spheroidal) bacteria in clusters

Laryngectomy

Resection of the voice box

Ischemia

To hold back blood from cells

Cystocele

Hernia of the urinary bladder

Acrophobia

Fear of heights (extremities)

Claustrophobia

Extreme or irrational fear of confined places

Myosarcoma

Flesh (malignant) tumor of muscle

Morphology

Study of the shape (of cells)

Blepharitis

Inflammation of an eyelid

Chondromalacia

Softening of cartilage

Myeloma

Tumor of bone marrow

Cardiomyopathy

Disease of heart muscle

Apathy

lack of feeling or emotion.

Anemia

condition in which there is a deficiency of red
blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

Abduction

movement of a limb or other part away from
the midline of the body.

Adduction

movement of a limb or other part toward the
midline of the body

Adhesion

the process of sticking or adhering to
something (such as tissues sticking together)

Anabolism

The process of building up or synthesizing
complex molecules from simpler ones, such as protein
synthesis.

Antepartum

occurring before childbirth.

Anterior

situated in front of or toward the front of the body

Bilateral

relating to or affecting both sides of the body

Bicuspid

having two points or cusps, typically referring to
certain teeth or valves (e.g., the bicuspid valve of the
heart).

Bradycardia

abnormally slow heart rate, typically less
than 60 beats per minute in adults.

Bradykinesia

slowness of movement, often seen in
conditions like Parkinson's disease.

Congenital

present from birth, often referring to conditions
or abnormalities that develop before or during birth

Confluence

the process of coming together or merging,
often used to describe the joining of blood vessels or other
structures.

Dialysis

a medical procedure that
removes waste products and excess
fluids from the blood, typically used
for patients with kidney failure.

Dysphagia

difficulty swallowing,
often caused by a condition affecting
the throat or esophagus.

Ectopic

occurring in an abnormal position, such as an ectopic
pregnancy, where the embryo implants outside the uterus.

Eccrine glands

sweat glands that are found all over the body
and secrete sweat directly onto the skin's surface.

Endoscopy

a procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera
to view the inside of a body cavity, such as the digestive tract.

Endocrine

relating to glands that secrete hormones directly into
the bloodstream (e.g., thyroid, adrenal glands).

Epidermis

the outermost layer of the skin

Epicardium

the outer layer of the heart's membrane, situated
upon the heart muscle

Excision

the surgical removal of tissue or an organ.

Extracellular

occurring or located outside the cells.

Extrahepatic

located outside the liver

Hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body,
often caused by a stroke.

Hypertension

high blood pressure, a condition
where the blood pressure in the arteries is
consistently too high.

Hyperglycemia

elevated levels of glucose
(sugar) in the blood, often associated with
diabetes.

Hypoglycemia

abnormally low blood sugar
levels, which can cause symptoms like
dizziness and confusion.

Hypotension

low blood pressure, a condition
in which blood pressure is lower than normal.

Intercostal

located between the ribs

Intravenous

within or into a vein

Intracellular

occurring within a cell

Neonatal

relating to the newborn period, typically
the first few weeks of life.

Neoplasm

a new and abnormal growth of tissue,
often referring to a tumor

Perioperative

relating to the time period around a
surgical operation, including before, during, and after
surgery.

Polyuria

excessive urination, often seen in
conditions like diabetes

Polypharmacy

the use of multiple medications by a
patient, often common in elderly patients.

Prenatal

occurring or existing before birth

Prolapse

he falling, slipping, or downward
displacement of a body part or organ from its
normal position.

Prosthesis

An artificial device used to replace a
missing body part

Prosencephalon

the forebrain, the anterior part
of the developing brain in vertebrates.