Honors Biology Chapter 7 Review

homeostasis

Maintaining constant internal conditions

transport proteins

help large particles (like sugar) get through the plasma membrane

surface area to volume ratio

Overall cell size limited to this

Robert Hooke

Discovered cells

Cell walls (cork)

The part of cells Robert Hooke observed

selective permeability

When the cell lets some things in while keeping other things out

T or F       

Transport proteins are specific to the substance they transport - True

Lysosome

The “garbage man” of the cell that digests unwanted particles in a cell

Hydrophilic

Head of a phospholipid molecule

Hydrophobic

Tail of a phospholipid molecule

K ions

Cell must keep these out to maintain equilibrium while keeping Na ions out

Eyepiece/Ocular lens

Part of the microscope you look through

Cytoskeleton

Network of proteins that provide support to the cell

Pinocytosis

Type of active transport where the cell takes in fluids

Diffusion

Smell of cookies baking through the house

Cell Wall

Structure that provides support for plant cells

Smooth ER

Organelle responsible for making lipids and carbohydrates in a cell

Osmosis

Passive transport that moves water across the plasma membrane

Concentration Gradient

Difference in concentration inside vs outside the cell

Passive Transport

Requires no energy use by the cell

Active Transport

Requires energy and goes against the concentration gradient

T or F

Diffusion moves substances against the concentration gradient    False

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport uses transport proteins to move substances across the plasma membrane

Parts of Cell Theory

All living things are made up of cells

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function

New Cells come from existing cells

Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow

Scientists who came up with Cell Theory

Equal (equillibrium)

Diffusion occurs until solute concentration across the cell membrane

Cell Membrane

made of a phospholipid bilayer

Nucleus

Organelle that is the center for the cell

Cytoplasm

Fluid in cells where organelles are found

Turgor Pressure

Plants will when they lose this

Hypertonic Solution

Solution that causes water to flow out of the cell

Cholesterol

Substance that lubricates and stabilizes the cell membrane so it can be flexible

Cork Cells

Cells that were first seen under a microscope

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells with no proper nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Fine adjustment knob

Used to focus your specimen on the microscope

Phospholipids

A polar fat that makes up the plasma membrane

Golgi Apparatus

Organelle that packages and transports proteins in the cell like UPS

Diffusion

Flow of molecues from high to low concentration

Vacuole

Plants have one large one that stores water

Ribosomes

On the surface of the rough ER - makes it look bumpy

Hypertonic Solution

Drinking salt water causes this type if solution

Prokaryotic Cells

Bacteria are examples of this

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Scientist who invented microscope

Nucleolus

Where ribosomes are made in the cell

Transport & Communication (signaling/recepors)

Name 2 functions of proteins found in the cell membrane

DNA

Blueprint or directions for cell activities is found in which molecule

Eukaryotes

Complex cells with a nucleus and organelles

Cell recognition/communication

A function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane

Active Transport

Type of transport that moves substances against the concentration gradient

Mitochondria

Organelle that makes ATP/energy for the cell

Ribosome

Organelle that makes proteins for the cell

Isotonic Solution

Solution that results in no net gain or loss of water from the cell

Exocytosis

Removal of substances from the cell that requires energy

Hypotonic

Solution that will cause a cell to take on water and swell

Organelles

Cell structures that perform specific functions

Cell

Smallest unit of living things

Equilibrium

When particles move back and forth across the cell membrane at equal rates, the cell reaches this

Salt causes water retention, increasing blood volume and pressure

Why does a salty diet raise blood pressure

Less water retention lowers blood volume and pressure

How does decreasing salt in your diet lower your blood pressure

Maintains ion balance and cell potential

(moves 3 Na out, 2 K in)

What is the purpose of the Na/K pump in your cells