A&P 1 LAB practical #2

What are the bony layers around the central canal

Concentric lamellae

What are the rings of concentric thin plates called

Osteon

What are the small spaces between lamellae

lacunae

What are the channels that pierce the central canals horizontally , contains neurovascular bundles

Perforating canals

Remnants of lamellae not circling the central canal

Interstitial lamellae

Small diffusion channels for nutrient and gas exchange

Canaliculi

Rounded passageway for blood vessels and/or nerves

Formen

Deep furrow, cleft/slit

Fissure

passage, duct, or channel especially the opening of a canal

meatus/canal

Shallow depression

fossa

projection or bump

process

small rounded projection

tubercle

small, flat articular surface

facet

smooth, rounded articular process

condyle

pointed process

spine

rough projection

tuberosity

Posterior head, base of skull

occipital bone

The bump on posterior side

External occipital protuberance

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occipital condyles

Large hole for spinal cord to pass through

Foramen magnum

Forehead

Frontal bone

Ridge above each eye

supraorbital margin

Hole above supraorbital margin

supraorbital foramen

form part of sidewall of cranium; temple

parietal bone

junction between frontal and 2 parietal bones

coronal suture

junction between 2 parietal bones

sagittal suture

junction between temporal and parietal bones

squamous suture

junction between 2 parietal bones and occipital bones

lambdoidal suture

Ear canal

External auditory meatus

Elongated, pin-like process on inferior side

styloid process

Large bony mass inferior and posterior to ear

Mastoid process

Articulates w/ mandibular condyles on mandible

mandibular fossa

projection of temporal bone

Zygomatic process

irregular bone on floor of cranium, looks like a “bat”

Sphenoid

Hole for optic nerve to pass through each eye

Optic foramen (canal)

Saddle like structure on superior surface (pituitary gland sits here)

sella turcica

Large and small wing-like structures which help form floor of cranium

greater and lesser wings

large slits which can be seen in eye sockets, between greater and lesser wings

Superior orbital fissure

Smaller slits seen in eye sockets inferior to superior orbital fissures

Inferior orbital fissure

Forms part of sidewall of cranium; temple

temporal bones

Irregular bone anterior to sphenoid and between eyes

Ethmoid

Vertical projection on each side

ramus

rounded projections on superior surface of ramus

condyle process

flat process on superior side of ramus

coronoid process

chin area

body

where body and ramus meet

mandibular angle

holes that penetrate each side of chin

mental foramen

depression that lies between condylar process and coronoid process

mandibular notch

upper jaw

maxilla

hole that penatrates orbital rim

infraorbital foramen

cheek bones

zygomatic bones

temporal process

form bridge of nose

nasal bone

located on medial wall of eye socket

lacrimal bones

deep groove on anterior/medial surface (tear duct)

lacrimal fossa

form roof of mouth and walls of nasal cavity

Palatine bones

in nasal cavity, forms lower portion of nasal septum

vomer

inferior nasal concha

horse shoe bone

hyoid

long and angled (bifid)

spinous process

lateral projections

transverse process

hole in transverse process

transverse foramina

hole posterior to body

vertebral foramen

connects body to transverse process

pedicle

connects transverse process to spinous process

lamina

small openings formed on lateral side of vertebral column. formed when 2 vertebra stacked on top of each other

intervertebral foramina

Spinous process

transverse process

pedicle

lamina

lateral side of body

facets on ribs

on transverse processes

articular costal facets

spinous process

transverse process

vertebral foramen

pedicle

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lamina

Wings formed by fused transverse processes

ala

sacral canal

formed by fused spinous processes

medial sacral crest

sacral foramina

tailbone

coccyx

posterior portion that articulates w/ thoracic vertebrae

head

lateral to head

neck

articulates w/ transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

tubercle

manubrium

superior depression

jugular notch

superior/lateral depression where clavicles articulate

clavicular notch

facets for ribs

sternal angle

lower 2/3 of bone

body

xiphoid process

Temporomandibular joint

atlanto-occipital joint

Atlanta-axial joint

sternoclavicular joint

sternocostal joint

vertebrocostal joint

Superior border

next to vertebral column

Medial border