ch 11 neuro

emotions are complex values that involve

1. feeling

2. cognition

3. physiological response

4. behavioral response

james-lange theory

emotions are triggered by autonomic reactions

cannon-bard theory

emotions occur simultaneously with autonomic reactions

shacter-singer theory

identified that cognitive systems assess the context of the current situation, known as COGNITIVE appraisal

the basic emotion theory

argued for hard-wired localized emotion center

• underlying them for INSIDE OUT

Barrett’s theory of constructed emotion → emotion will by constructed from these signals

1. attention

2. interoception (live signals from organs)

3. sensory

4. experience and context

Barrett’s theory of constructed emotion is unique

bc it considered the neurological basis for emotions

and the gold-standard theory in emotion neuroscience

→ despite the fact that BET continues to be accepted in some scientific disciplines

although early research identified the limbic system’s involvement in emotions

the field has moved away from thinking about emotions as products of a “primitive” center and instead a distributed whole-brain process

pleasant signals used for constructing emotion are supported by these 2 systems

1. dopamine-mediated medial forebrain bundle (teaching signals)

2. release of endorphins at nucleus accumbens (pleasure/liking signal)

according to LeDoux

the survival circuit in the amygadala will trigger immediate physiological and behavioral

conscious feeling of fear in constructed in higher-order brain networks in the cortex

conscious feeling of fear

high road

fright-fear response

low road

lisa feldman barrett

noted that there is no simple “1 to 1 relation” (fingerprint) - debunking the myth of happy or sad center in the brain

relationship between testosterone and hostility in mice

increased testosterone increases agression

testosterone and hostility in humas

testosterone levels correlate with hostility

• unclear

serotonin and agression

serotonin inhibits agression

• negative correlation

3 substances released following the stress response

1. cortisol

2. epinephrine

3. norepinephrine

HPA - hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis system

triggers release of cortisol from adrenal cortex

→ acts as glucocorticoid receptors

sympathetic system

• triggers release of epi and ne from adrenal medulla

• further potentiates sympathetic system fight or flight

CRF in stress response

master regulator of the stress response, primarily released by parvocellular neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN).

• It initiates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by triggering ACTH release from the pituitary, ultimately driving cortisol production to manage "fight or flight" reactions.

delivery system of sympathetic nervous system is

neural

• fast-acting response

delivery system of HPA

is the endocrine system