Chapter 6

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25 Terms

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Microscope

Visualize cells too small to see with naked eye

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Cell fractionation

Cells are taken apart separate the major organelles from one another

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Prokaryotic Cells

organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles

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Eukaryotic

characterized by having a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles

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Plasma membrane

Selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the cell

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Organelles

Subcellular structure that has one or more jobs in a cell

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Nucleus

contains DNA

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Ribosomes

Use information from DNA to make proteins

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Nuclear Envelope

Encloses nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm

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What is the function of ribosomes

Carry out protein synthesis in two locations:

Cytosol (free ribsomes)

Outside of Rough ER

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Smooth ER

Lacks ribsomes;

Synethsizes lipids and metapolizes carbs.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

Accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells

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Golgi apparatus

Consists of flattened membranous sacs

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Cisternae

flattened sac-like structures that play a crucial role in protein processing

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Lysosome

Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes; hydrolyze proteins, fats, and nucleic acids

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Contractile vacuole

Pumps out excess water out of cells

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Central vacuoles

Hold organic compounds and water

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Vesicle

membrane-bound sacs with varied functions

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Vesicle functions:

Moving material between ER and Golgi + moving cisternae of the golgi

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Endocytosis

Delivering things into cell from the extracellular environment in a process known as endocytosis

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Exocytosis

Excreted such as waste and hormones to the exterior of the cell

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Cytosol

Free ribsomes

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Cellular Process

1: mRNA synthesized

2: Ribosome translation synthesizes protein

3: Protein enters ER for mods.

4: Protein is folded to secondary protein structure

5: Protein folded for tertiary and quaternary protein

6: Protein enters into vesicle

7: Protein enters into the cis Golgi for mods

8: Protein transported in vesicle between cisternae

9: Protein leaves Golgi in vesicle

10: Vesicle contains protein fuses with plasma membrane, protein leaves cell

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Cis Face

side facing the nucleus

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Trans face

Faces away from nucleus