UTS reviewer.docx

A psychological perspective that views the self as a holistic being, interconnected through thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Tripartite Composition of Self

A cognitive psychology model explaining how humans process information through System 1 (fast, intuitive) and System 2 (slow, deliberative) thinking.

Daniel Kahneman’s Two Systems of Thinking

An automatic, intuitive process that relies on emotions and heuristics for quick judgments.

System 1: Fast Thinking

A deliberate, analytical process requiring cognitive effort and focused attention for complex decision-making.

System 2: Slow Thinking

Systematic errors in judgment that arise from reliance on heuristics, affecting decision-making processes.

Cognitive Biases

A heuristic where people evaluate experiences based on the most intense moments and the ending, rather than the overall experience.

Peak-End Rule

A cognitive bias where individuals judge probabilities based on how much an event resembles a typical case, often ignoring actual statistics.

Representativeness Heuristic

A cognitive bias where initial information serves as a reference point, leading to insufficient adjustments in subsequent judgments.

Anchoring and Adjustment

A psychologist known for research on universal facial expressions and microexpressions, enhancing understanding of emotional communication.

Paul Ekman

People around the world, regardless of culture, express and recognize the same emotions through similar facial expressions.

Universal Facial Expressions

Brief, involuntary facial expressions that reveal true emotions, often occurring when someone tries to conceal their feelings.

Microexpressions

A system developed by Ekman to categorize facial movements into action units for analyzing emotional expressions.

Facial Action Coding System (FACS)

Specific events or situations that trigger emotional responses, influenced by external and internal factors.

Antecedent Conditions

The evaluation process that determines how an individual interprets antecedent conditions, leading to emotional experiences.

Cognitive Appraisal

A theory suggesting that emotions arise from physiological responses to stimuli, where perception of bodily changes leads to emotional experience.

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

A theory proposing that emotional experiences and physiological reactions occur simultaneously and independently.

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

A theory stating that emotion results from both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal.

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

A model illustrating the interconnected relationship between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, fundamental in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

Aaron Beck's Cognitive Triangle

A therapeutic approach that focuses on breaking the cycle of negative thoughts, emotions, and behaviors through various techniques.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A CBT technique where clients recognize and challenge automatic negative thoughts to improve mental health.

Identifying Negative Thought Patterns