Bio Unit 1

pangenisis

a theory that stated that every cell in a person’s body created a reproductive material: also stated that traits acquired during a person’s life could be passed down

Aristotle (384) BC / Hippocrates (400) BC

claimed that traits acquired during ones life could be passed down

charles dawin (1859)

used theory of pangenisis to describe units of inheritance. proposed natural selection

jean- baptiste lamark (1802)

built upon “ inheritance of implied characteristics: but built upon it” does not claim it as his own

Fransis (1880)

modified pangenesis, said it happened on a smaller scale

carl nageli (1893)

proposed idioplasmic, reproductive substance found in the plasm

fredrick weismann (1893)

proposed germ plasm theory 1 in 4 substances in a germ cell carry hereditary information

william Roux

proposed chromosomes were licked to heredity

Walter Sutton / Theodor boveri (1902)

confirmed chromosomal theory of inheritance

• meosis

• segregation

• independent assortment

Gregor Mendel (1865)

questioned pangenesis

• traits have multiple forms

• progeny obtain them from parents

• 1 factor emerges

• 1 of the 2

Wiliam bateson (1902)

• applied dawins and mendels theory

• coined genetics

• encourged experimental methodology

fitness

how good a genotype is at leaving offspring in the next generation

adaptation

a trait that arose from and was favored by natural selection for it current function

Evolution

a change in allele frequencies with a populations gene pool over time

theory

a well sustained explenation of natural phenomenon supported by evidenc

mutation

an alteration in the genetic material in a virus or living organism

germline mutation

a mutation that occurs in the egg/sperm, reflected in child

somatic

a change in DNA that occurs after the offspring is born (NON-HEREDITRY)

silent mutation

same AA

nonsense mutations

stop codon

missense mutation

different AA

polygenic

variation in several genes

selection

the process by which certain phenotypes survive and reproduce over other phenotypes

principle of allocation

the observation that when rescores in an organism are used they cannot be used for other things

stabling selection

when individuals with intermediate phenotypes have a higher survival survival and fitness

directional selection

when both extreme phenotypes are favored

disruptive selection

when one of the extreme phenotypes are favored

homologies

similar in traits due to divergent evolution

analogies

similar in traits due to convergent evolutiuon

convergent evolution

un-related species that evolve to have similar traits due to similar environments

divergent evolution

when 2 or more species that share a common ancestor become more different