Eye & Ear (Exam 2)

symptoms for ___ hours is an exclusion for self-treatment of ocular disorder

>72 hours

sensitivity to _____ is an exclusion for self-treatment of ocular disorder

light

____ or ________ exposure to the eye (excluding sunlight) are exclusions for self treatment of ocular disorder

heat or chemical

what eye syndrome includes symptoms of a white and mildly red eye

dry eye syndrome

what eye syndrome includes symptoms of sandy or gritty feeling

dry eye sydrome

dry eye syndrome is chronic and _______

incurable

are males or females at higher risk for dry eye syndrome

females

what are some non-pharmacological treatment options for dry eye syndrome

-avoid dust, dry areas, and air vents

-use humidifiers

-avoid prolonged screen use

-wear eye protection outdoors

-eliminate offending medications

what medications can raise a persons risk for dry eye syndrome

-antihistamines

-antidepressants

-diuretics

-beta-blockers

-decongestants

-oral contraceptives

non-medicated ointments should be applied at what time of day and why

at night since they can cause temporary blurred vision

what is the appropriate drug/dose for mild discomfort with dry eye syndrome

artificial tears 1-2x daily

what is the appropriate drug/dose for moderate discomfort with dry eye syndrome

artificial tears 3-4x daily (consider using ‘gel’ formulation)

what is the appropriate drug/dose for severe discomfort with dry eye syndrome

preservative free artificial tears q1h + ophthalmic ointment qhs

eye solutions should be used _____ eye suspensions and pt should wait ___ mins between products

before and 5 mins

eye ointments should be used _____ eye solutions/suspensions and pt should wait ___ mins between products

after and 10 mins

as viscosity of eye formulations increases, contact time with the eye ________, and chances for irritation/toxicity ________

increases and increases

what are common symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis

-red eyes

-watery discharge

-itching, burning, and stinging

pts who you suspect may have allergic conjunctivitis should also be asked if they have a _____ or have been in contact with _______ and why

cold or pink eye

sign of viral infection —> refer to PCP

what are the most common non-pharmacological treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis

-avoid allergen

-apply cold compress 3-4x daily

-use air conditioning

-use and replace air filters

what are the first two lines of pharmacological treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

allergen avoidance + artificial tears

OR

allergen avoidance + antihistamine/ mast cell stabilizer

after trying allergen avoidance + antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer, what would be the next course of pharmacological treatment

allergen avoidance + antihistamine + decongestant

what two drugs are antihistamine/ mast cell stabilizers

KETOTIFEN FUMARATE and OLOPATADINE

what is the brand name of KETOTIFEN FUMARATE

Zaditor

what is the brand name of OLAPATADINE

Pataday

what is the MOA for antihistamine/ mast cell stabilizers

potent H1 receptor antagonist

antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers stop the release of ______ & ______ mediators

inflammatory and late-phase

what is the proper dose for Zaditor

1 drop/eye BID

what is the proper dose for 0.1% Pataday

1 drop/eye BID

what is the proper dose for 0.2% Pataday

1 drop/eye daily

what is a common side effect of antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers, especially in pts with light-colored irises or contact lenses

pupil dilation

antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers are contraindicated in pts with ________ _________

angle-closure glaucoma

what 3 drugs are examples of antihistamines

Opcon-A, Naphcon-A, and Refresh

antihistamines are only available in COMBINATION with ________

decongestants

what is the MOA for decongestants

alpha-adrenergic agonists

decongestants promote ________ of conjunctival blood vessels

constriction

what drug is the best option decongestant for soothing & reducing redness with allergic conjunctivitis

NAPHAZOLINE (Clear Eyes)

what is the proper dose for Clear Eyes decongestant

1-2 drops 4x daily

what 2 decongestants need to be used with caution and for less than ___ hours, due to high risk of rebound conjestion

OXYMETAZOLINE and PHENYLEPHRINE

what is the brand name of NAPHAZOLINE

Clear Eyes

decongestants should be used with caution in pts with ______ or ______

HTN or diabetes

what is the MOA of ocular irrigants

cleanses ocular tissue of unwanted debris, while maintaining moisture

what 2 products are ocular irrigants

Eye Relief and Eye wash

ocular irrigants should not be used for removing _______ or _______ from the eye

wood or metal