AP Psychology Vocab List #18 (Humanism, Behaviorism, Assessment)

Humanistic perspective (Humanism)

Emphasized our need to realize our unique potential and freedom of choice

self-actualizing tendency

Our striving to fulfill our unique abilities

self-concept

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"

real self

Our perception of who we are

ideal self

our perception of who we should be

spotlight effect

Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, etc.

trait theories

Theories that attempt to describe all of the different personality traits that make up personality

trait

An enduring characteristic of our personality

surface traits

Aspects of our personality easily seen by others

source traits

Basic traits that form the core of our personality

The Big Five

traits that have surfaced repeatedly in factor analyses of personality measures - conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion (C.A.N.O.E)

neuroticism

degree of emotional instability or stability

person-situation interaction

The way particular circumstances and environments change the way we behave

behavioral genetics

The study of the relative influence of genetics on our personality

false consensus effect

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors, Freud called it projection

projective tests

personality assessments that present ambiguous visual stimuli to the client and ask the client to respond with whatever comes to mind

Rorschach inkblot test

the most widely used projective test, seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

a projective test requiring examinees to tell a story in response to ambiguous pictures

personality inventory

A standardized test used to identify a person's various personality traits

NEO-PI

a survey that assesses The Big Five traits, people indicate how much they think different verbal descriptions apply to them

Myers-Briggs

personality inventory based on the ideas of Carl Jung that uses 4 dimensions (ENFP / ISTJ)

behavioral perspective

Emphasizes the significant influences of learning and our environment on our personality

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)

Personality inventory used to measure tendencies toward abnormal behavior (mental illness)

rating scale

Assessment in which a number is used to measure a particular behavior (i.e. 1 - 5)

frequency count

Assessment that determines the frequency of a behavior occurring

social-cognitive perspective

emphasizes the importance of both our environment and our own perceptions in shaping personality

reciprocal determinism

Bandura's explanation of how environment, personal, cognitive characteristics and behavior all influence each other

self-efficacy

One's sense of competence and effectiveness

self-serving bias

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

collectivism

giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly

self-esteem

how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself; feeling of self-worth

narcissism

excessive self-love and self-absorption