Quiz 4

What is the process of two cell estradiol production?

Thecal cells produce T that diffuse into granulosa cells → gran. cells have FSH receptors → binding of FSH causes synthesis of enzymes that turn T to estradiol

What is an LH surge? What does it do?

• A cascade of events that leads to

  • Ovulation (follicular rupture and expulsion of oocyte)

  • Luteinization of the follicular cells- formation of CL

  • Maturation of oocyte

  • resumption of meiosis

LH surge affects on oocyte

• resumption of meiosis in oocyte

• Final synthesis of proteins and mRNA in oocyte

CL function

• Secrete Progesterone and oxytocin

• required for pregnancy maintenance

• stimulates mammary dev.

• controls ovarian cycle (inhibit ovulation/estrus)

Formation of CL

• Continuation of follicular maturation

• form from theca/granulosa cells

• gran. cells become large luteal cells

• theca cells become small luteal cells

What are the 4 steps of angiogenesis

1. basement membrane breakdown

2. production of angiogenic factors by granulosa cells

3. mitosis and migration of endothelial cells

4. capillary tube formation

Corpus Hemorragicum vs Corpus albicans

• Hemorragicum: forms when follicle bursts and lets blood in. CH is formed from the combination of blood, theca cells, and granulosa cells

• Albicans: when CL degenerates = scar tissue (white body)

Drop in progesterone leads to…an increase leads to…

• Drop: increase in LH pulses and estradiol

• Increase:

  • blocks estrus

  • inhibits LH surge

  • decrease uterine contractions

  • prepare uterus for pregnancy

Estradiol functions:

• increase LH receptors in follicle

• granulosa cell mitosis

• estrus (sexual receptivity)

• LH surge

• uterine contractions

• increase progesterone receptors in endometirum

Draw out the process of the Female gametogenesis

What is the polar body? What does extrusion of the polar body indicate?

small cytoplasmic exclusion body formed to enclose excess DNA during meiosis.

Extrusion of first polar body indicates completion of first meiotic division

Chromosome-induced cortical cap/ring

What do oocytes instruct cumulus cells to perform

They instruct the oocytes to perform Glycolysis, AA uptake, and Cholesterol Biosynthesis under the direction of the oocyte-secreted factors (GDF9, FGF8)

Oocyte metabolism

Cumulus cells start maturation in the first polar body → one of the substrates that can be used by the cumulus cells is glucose → a lot of active metabolism within the oocyte in the cumulus cells.

How is glucose used?

Used to go through glycolysis → regulated by oocyte-secreted factors (OSF) → glycolysis uses fatty acids to generate ATP