Modern World History Spring Final Exam

The pre-revolutionary social and political system in France was called

the Old Regime (Ancien Regime)

Which of the following events that occurred during the 1780s affected the poor living in France’s cities?

1. politicians who were elected to government wanted to pass the Napoleonic Codes

2. a series of bad harvests caused the price of bread to rise significantly

3. revolutionaries published pamphlets calling for the execution of the king

4. a series of cholera epidemics caused by contaminated water supplies killed thousands

2. a series of bad harvests caused the price of bread to rise significantly

Why did Louis XVI call the Estates General in 1789?

he was bankrupt and needed to address poor economic conditions

The National Assembly was created by

the third estate

What was the main objective of the constitution drafted by the National Assembly in 1791?

to limit the power of the monarch

“Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.” The National Assembly issued this statement

in the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen”

This radical group gained power and set out to build a “republic of virtue” by wiping out every trace of France’s past. They believed France’s revolution had many people who did not want to see it succeed. They also tried Louis XIV for treason and had him executed bu guillotine. This group is the:

Jacobins

Why did Maximilien Robespierre encourage the Reign of Terror throughout France?

he believed that the Revolution had many enemies who needed to be eliminated

How did Napoleon Bonaparte become France’s sole ruler?

he seized control in a coup d’etat or military takeover of the government

How did Napoleon Bonaparte use nationalism to strengthen his rule?

by encouraging French pride and loyalty, uniting the country under his leadership

What was one of Napoleon’s main motivations for waging wars across Europe?

to spread revolutionary ideals and strengthen French influence

What best describes constitutional monarchists?

those who advocate for a form of government in which a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government

Why did France institute the Continental System?

to weaken Great Britain by cutting off trade between it and other European nations

Why did enslaved Africans in Saint Domingue chose to rebel in August 1791?

they were taking advantage of the instability of the French Revolution

This former colony became the first black ruled republic in the Americas

Haiti

Which of the following was the main goal of the participants in the Congress of Vienna?

1. to destroy the social and political structure of France

2. to execute Napoleon by guillotine

3. to establish a balance of power in Europe

4. to establish Vienna as the new capital of Europe

to establish a balance of power in Europe

What philosophy or goal did the Congress of Vienna advocated for during its meetings

conservation or a political idea based on tradition and the old order

Bastille Day on July 14 (the dau people took over the Bastille prison and armory) is the

national holiday of France

What did Klemens von Metternich hope to achieve at the Congress of Vienna?

to politically isolate Austria so that the country may be unable to influence the development of Germany

In Latin America during the early 1800s, which of the following probably belonged to the Creole class?

1. a colonel in the Spanish colonial army

2. a governor of a Spanish colony

3. an enslaved person working on a plantation

4. a person who never had a formal education

a colonel in the Spanish colonial army

How did Brazil’s struggle for independence differ from other Latin American rebellions?

Brazil became independent nation with the approval of the royal family

Why did many Latin American creoles decide to seek independence from Spain by 1810?

they did not approve of Joseph Bonaparte’s regime

During the early 1800’s, which of the following was a major influence on the struggles for political independence in Latin America?

1. the Agricultural and Industrial revolutions

2. the American and French revolutions

3. the desire of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin America to escape European control

4. demands by Latin American workers to own their own factories

the American and French revolutions

Why were Creoles considered a threat by colonial powers?

they had strong economic and political influence but were denied full power, leading to resentment

where Napoleon was defeated for the final time and “meet his Waterloo”

Belgium

he sent troops to San Domingue to put down the slave revolt there

Napoleon

he was the leader of the radicals during the Reign of Terror

Maximillian Robespierre

career military officer from Argentina who helped liberate Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Jose de San Martin

led a revolt of enslaved Africans in Saint Domingue

Toussaint L’Ouverture

priest from the small village of Dolores who took the first steps toward independence in Mexico by issuing a call for rebellion against the Spanish

Miguel Hidalgo

Imperialism is best defined by which of the following?

1. system where there is no private property

2. a form of indirect control where foreign officials are brought into rule

3. system of empire building by forming colonies or conquering other nations

4. method of ruling similar to communism

system of empire building by forming colonies or conquering other nations

Which of the following describes what a colony is?

1. a country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power

2. a country or territory governed internally by a foreign power

3. an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

4. an independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interests rath than other governments

a country or territory governed internally by a foreign power

Which of the following describes what a sphere of influence is?

1. a country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power

2. a country or territory governed internally by a foreign power

3. an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

4. an independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interests rath than other governments

an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

Why did ruling native kings or princes in Africa and Asia put up with European imperialism?

they were still rulers, they could gain advantages through their service, and it was practical as compared to trying to resist

Which of the following is not a motivation for imperialism?

1. nationalism and the sense that one’s own nation, its interests, and culture come before all other nations

2. the desire and need to increase colonial possessions

3. to seek rich, natural resources for industrialization and economic profit

4. political unrest in the dominate, imperialistic nation

political unrest in the dominate, imperialistic nation

The growth of imperialism from the late 1870s to 1914 was sparked by the desire of

nations to find sources of raw materials to help industrial growth

Which following term or phrase best describes, in the second half of the 19th century, what European countries were able to succeed at in basically all of Africa?

1. colonize

2. turn African civilizations intro core countries

3. industrialize

4. created Spheres of Influence

colonize

British imperial territories included which of the following?

1. India and Alaska

2. Cambodia and Laos

3. South Africa and Egypt

4. Bosnia and Crimea

South Africa and Egypt

French imperial territories included which of the following?

1. India and Vietnam

2. Cambodia and South Africa

3. Western Africa and Laos

4. Philippines and Laos

Western Africa and Laos

Why did so few Europeans travel into Africa’s interior before the late 1880s?

the climate and geography were difficult for Europeans

How were European countries able to control large territories in Africa from so far away?

by using modern weaponry, transportation, and communication

European nations divided Africa between their colonial possessions often using convenient geographic lines. This resulted in which of the following?

1. neat and well-organized divisions between the former, loosely separated people of one region to another region

2. warlike tribes were included together in nations while friendly tribes were divided contributing to unity problems and the movement of people

3. improved infrastructure

4. the Africans having a better understanding and appreciation for their neighboring people and countries

warlike tribes were included together in nations while friendly tribes were divided contributing to unity problems and the movement of people

Why did some European countries opt for direct control of the African colonies?

they thought the local peoples were incapable of governing themselves

Why were no African rulers invited to attend the Berlin Conference?

Europeans believed they had the right to decide Africa’s fate

Which of the following is true of the Boer Wars?

1. it was a devastating conflict that is an example of European colonialism and the conflicts that emerged as a result

2. it brought the British and Boers together in an uneasy alliance after Britain won

3. it allowed for the formation of an expanded South African colony

4. none of the above is true

5. all of the above is true

all of the above is true

Which of the following was an effect of the Sepoy Mutiny?

1. Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh Indians resited British rule together

2. The British India Company expanded its control into central India

3. Indian princes became more active in the administration of British policy

4. the British government took over direct command of India

the British government took over direct command of India

Why did numerous internal rebellions erupt in China?

many people felt the Qing Dynasty’s lack of ability to protect the nation from foreigners signaled the end of the Mandate of Heaven

How did reforms of the Siamese kings help Siam remain independent?

Siam modernized making it competitive with Europeans

What major reform helped Siam maintain its independence while modernizing?

Siam embraced Western-style reforms in government and education

To say that foreign countries seized spheres of influence in China means that

foreign countries gained control of areas of China through the establishment of exclusive trading agreements

Which of the following was the most important outcome following the Opium Wars?

1. there was a severe resitance of Muslim and Hindu Indians against the British East India Company

2. China was opened to western influence and trade

3. many Chinese citizens became addicted to opium

4. an underground resistance group centered around martial arts, nicknamed the Boxers by the British, developed.

China was opened to western influence and trade

By 1900, the reality in China was

foreign nations ran China, and the Qing Dynasty had no ability to resist them

Japan’s foreign policy up to the mid-1800’s could best be characterized as what?

remaining apart from the political and economic affairs of other countries

Which action in Japanese history occured during the Meiji Restoration?

Japan modernized its economy

Commodore Matthew Perry’s visits to Japan in 1853 and 1854 lead to the Treaty of Kanagawa which resulted in the

opening of trade and diplomati relations with Japan

What was the significance of the Treaty of Kanagawa?

the 1854 treaty opened teh way for Japan and the US to establish a trading partnership

True or False: the Industrial Revolution led to European colonization because factories in Europe needed more and more raw materials, which could be gotten cheaply if the source was colonized.

True

True or False: The Boer War differed from other patterns of colonization in Africa because it involved native Africans fighting amongst themselves for control of South Africa.

False

True or False: The Tai Ping Rebellion was a brutal uprising of peasants in Siam who were trying to achieve a “great peace”

False

True or False: Siam was able to successfully resist foreign domination by modernizing its instituions

True

True or False: The Open Door Policy stated all nations should have equal accessing to trade with China

True

True or False: The Boxer Rebellion was led by a group of people known as the “Society of Harmonious Fists.”

true

True or False: A periphery country is dominant, advanced, and need labor and raw materials

False

The Battle of Britain took place

in the skies over Britain between the Germany Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force

Adolf Hitler and Germany devised a plan to divide up Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe with which other leader and country?

Joseph Stalin and Russia

The term “blitzkrieg” was a military strategy that depended on what?

lightening-fast attacks

The policy avoiding war with an aggressive nation by giving into its demands is called

appeasement

What event lead to the US entering WW2?

Pearl Harbor

Which nations came to be known as the main Allied Powers during WW2?

US, France, Great Britain, USSR

Which statement below best describes the Battle of the Bugle?

1. it was the Allied invasion of Normandy which pushed Germany back off the coast of France

2. Germany staged a massive counterattack against the Allies creating a bulge in the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the advance and pushed the Germans back.

3. it was the German offensive using Blitzkrieg tactics agaisnt France as the Germans advanced into French territory

4. Germany marched into USSR which created a bulge in the Ressuain defensive lines. This bulge would nearly break before the Russians defeated Germany at Stalingrad.

Germany staged a massive counterattack against the Allies creating a bulge in the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the advance and pushed the Germans back.

By annexing Austria, the Nazis violated the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of Saint-Germain. These treaties expressly forbade the unification of Austria and Germany. What was the unification of Germany and Austria known as?

Anschluss

Why was the Sudetenland important to Hitler and Germany?

a lot of German speaking people lived there, and it was land taken from Germany after World War I.

What allowed authoritarian leaders to successfully rise to power in Eastern Europe?

they were backed by wealthy landowners and the military

In 1935, Germany passed the Nuremberg Laws. Which reason below explains the significance of these laws?

1. these laws forced Jews into ghettos

2. the laws stripped Jews of their citizenship

3. it made the retaking of the Rhineland legal in Germany

4. they merged the Gestapo and the SS

the laws stripped Jews of their citizenship

What does Kristallnacht demonstrate about the power of the Nazis?

their control over the German people was very strong

How did Hitler present himself to gain public trust during his rise to power?

as a strong leader, who would restore order, the conomy, and pride

The Nazis practiced genocide towards Jews, Gypsies, and other “undesirable” peoples in Europe. What does the term “genocide” mean?

deliberate extermination of a specific group of people

Which nations came to be known as the Axis powers after they signed a mutual defense treaty in 1940?

Germany, Japan, and Italy

Why did the Japanese attack the US at Pearl Harbor?

they wanted to cripple the US Navy so the Japanese Navy would be free to attack other countries and expand its empire

One of Hitler’s motivations for aggression and building an empire was to acquire living space for an expanding, superior German people. What was this called?

lebensraum

Which choice below best describes the Nazi SS?

1. Hitler’s terror organization that acted as a police force and were used to terrorize and control certain groups of people

2. they were the German, elite tank commanders responsible for victories in North Africa and lead by Edwin Rommel

3. the SS were elite pilots and airmen who flew for the Germany Luftwaffe

4. the elite German members of the Germany army and those that were responsible for the successful Blitzkrieg attacks

Hitler’s terror organization that acted as a police force and were used to terrorize and control certain groups of people

How did the British advise the French to respond to the German invasion of the Rhineland?

to give in and appease Germany’y aggression in order to keep peace

What did Hitler believe were the rights and duties of the German “master race”?

eliminate inferior races and world domination

Totalitarianism is a political system in which the government

controls every aspect of citizen’s lives

True or False: Hideki Tojo, the military general and leader of Japan during WW2, was imprisoned, tried for war crimes, and executed after the war

true

True or False: The Great Depression and the poor economy of Germany in the early 1930’s contributed to the rise of the Nazi Power

true

True or False: By 1935, Hitler had done several things to violate the Treaty of Paris including the rebuilding of the German military and occupying the Rhineland.

true

True or False: Operation Barbarossa was the code name given to the Allied invasion of Northern France along the beaches of Normandy

false

True or False: the US dropped two atomic bombs on teh Japanese cities Hiroshima and Tokyo

false

True or False: The Nazi “Final Solution” was the deliberate and systematic mass murder of European Jews

true

Winston Churchill

british prime minister who leads his country during Battle of the Britain

Benito Mussolini

fascist leader of Italy

Franklin D Roosevelt

president of the US during most of WW2

Neville Chamberlain

British Prime Minister who tried to appease Hitler and the Nazis

Weimer Republic

the government of Germany from 1919 to 1933

Joseph Stalin

communist dictator of the USSR

Which statement below best describes the Lusitania?

1. the plan for US investment in Allied nations, which amounted to $2 billion

2. the German attack on the British passenger liner in which Americans were killed

3. the German attack on the French passenger ship in whcih 4 Americans were killed

4. the British ambassador who discovered the Zimmerman Note, in which Germany promised to give Mexico parts of the US if Mexico allied itself with Germany

the German attack on the British passenger liner in which Americans were killed

Germany’s war plan for fighting France and Russia was called

the Schlieffen Plan.

The Zimmerman telegram urged encouraged Mexico to attack the US. Which country is responsible for sending the telegram?

Germany