Urinary Tract Infections Lecture Review

Flashcards to review key concepts about Urinary Tract Infections from the lecture notes.

What is the abbreviation for Urinary Tract Infection?

UTI

Through what part of the urinary system do bacteria enter to cause UTIs?

Urethra

What is the most common bacteria that causes UTIs?

E-coli

What type of UTI affects the bladder and is the most common?

Cystitis

What type of UTI affects the urethra?

Urethritis

What type of UTI affects the kidney and is considered the most serious?

Pyelonephritis

Name a biological factor that increases the risk of UTIs.

Biological female gender

Name a type of birth control method that can increase the risk of UTIs.

Diaphragms, spermicides

Name a pre-existing condition that can increase the risk of UTIs.

Diabetes, kidney stones

What hygiene habit, if poor, can increase the risk of UTIs?

Poor hygiene

What medical device can increase the risk of UTIs?

Catheters

Name a symptom of a UTI related to urination.

Pain or burning during urination

Name a symptom of a UTI related to the urine's characteristics.

Strong or foul-smelling urine

Besides pain during urination, name another typical symptom of a UTI.

Urinary frequency or urgency

What type of pain is commonly associated with a UTI?

Lower abdominal pain

What are common systemic symptoms of a UTI?

Fever/chills, Nausea

What is a common laboratory test used to diagnose UTIs?

Urinalysis (UA, Urine dip)

What components in a urinalysis can indicate a UTI?

WBC’s, RBC’s, bacteria

What test identifies the specific type of bacteria causing a UTI?

Urine culture

Name a type of imaging test that might be used to diagnose a UTI.

US, CT, MRI

Name a medication used to treat UTIs.

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

Besides antibiotics, what is a general treatment recommendation for UTIs?

Increasing oral fluids (especially water)

What type of fluid is specifically encouraged for UTI prevention?

Water

What substances should be avoided to prevent UTIs due to their irritant properties?

Caffeine, alcohol

What bladder habit should be avoided to prevent UTIs?

Holding urine and fully empty bladder

What is a recommended hygiene practice for females to prevent UTIs?

Wipe front to back

What preventative measure is suggested directly before sexual activity?

Empty bladder before sex

What is the definition of Acute Pyelonephritis?

A bacterial infection that cause inflammation of the kidneys

Acute Pyelonephritis is usually caused by what type of infection?

Ascending infections

What is the most common bacteria involved in Acute Pyelonephritis?

E-coli

What part of the urinary tract is affected in Acute pyelonephritis?

Upper Urinary Tract

Acute pyelonephritis usually develops from an infection where?

Lower Urinary Tract

What are the systemic symptoms of Acute pyelonephritis?

Fever, Flank Pain

What medication is used to treat Acute pyelonephritis?

Antibiotics

What type of symptoms may older patients exhibit with Acute pyelonephritis?

Change in mental status

How rapidly do symptoms develop from Acute pyelonephritis?

Less than 24 hours

Other than fever, what is another manifestation of Acute pyelonephritis?

Chills

What is the temperature that indicates a fever in Acute pyelonephritis?

Greater than 38°C

Clinical manifestation of Acute pyelonephritis?

Nausea/Vomiting

What is the name for renal angle tenderness?

Costovertebral angle tenderness

What is found in the urine when diagnosed with Acute pyelonephritis?

Pyuria or Bacteriuria

Name a symptom related to lower tract involvement in Acute pyelonephritis.

Dysuria, Frequency

How is Acute Pyelonephritis diagnosed?

Urinalysis

What is the term for WBCs in urine?

Pyuria

What is the term for RBCs in urine?

Hematuria

Name a test to identify if there are kidney issues.

Renal function test

What lab values are measured in the renal function test?

Creatinine, BUN, electrolytes

What blood test is performed when diagnosing Acute pyelonephritis?

CBC, Blood cultures

Name a risk factor for Acute Pyelonephritis involving the urinary system.

Urinary tract obstructions

Name a medical condition that is a risk factor for Acute Pyelonephritis?

Diabetes

What type of medical device can cause Acute Pyelonephritis?

Urinary catheters

What anatomical issue puts you at risk for Acute Pyelonephritis?

Anatomical abnormalities

What antibiotic drugs are used to treat uncomplicated Acute Pyelonephritis (APN)?

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Fluoroquinolones

How is uncomplicated APN treated?

Oral antibiotics, Increase oral fluid intake

What type of antibiotics are used to treat complicated APN?

IV antibiotics (broad spectrum, Cephlosporins, aminopenicillins)

What non-medication related treatments can be given for Complicated APN?

IV fluids, Hydration, Pain management

Besides Antibiotics what is another treatment for Pyelonephritis?

Supportive Care

What is an important consideration during antibiotic treatment

Bacterial resistance

What are the components of the urinary system?

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

Name a lower UTI

Bladder, Urethra, Urethritis, Cystitis

Name an upper UTI

Ureter, Pyelonephritis

What is the function of the kidneys

Filter waste and excess fluids from the blood

What is the function of the bladder

Stores urine

What is the function of the urethra

Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body