Jan 14: Molecules of Biological Redox Reactions & Activated Carrier Molecules

NAD+

NAD+

NAD

NADP+

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)

Reduction

a substance gaining electrons

Oxidation

a substance loses electrons

FAD (Oxidised Form)

FAD (Reduced Form)

Vitamin B1

Thiamine

Vitamin B1 Coenzyme

Thiamine Pyrophosphate

Vitamin B1 Reaction Type

Aldehyde Transfer

Beriberi

Weight loss, heart problems, neurological dysfunctiona caused by deficiency in Vitamin B1

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin

Vitamin B1 Coenzyme

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Vitamin B2 Reaction Type

Oxidation-Reduction

Vitamin B6

Pyridoxine

Vitamin B6 Coenxyme

Pyridoxal Phosphate

Vitamin B6 Reaction Type

Group Transfer to or from amino acids

Andgular Stomatitis

lesions of the mouth caused by a deficiency of vitamin B2

Depression, Confusion, and Convulsions

caused by deficiency of Vitamin B6

Vitamin B3

Nicotinic Acid

Vitamin B3 Coenzyme

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

Vitamin B3 Reaction Type

Oxidation-Reduction

Pellagra

dermatitis, depression, and diarrhea caused by a deficiency of vitamin B3

Vitamin B5

Pantothenic Acid

Vitamin B5 Coenzyme

Coenzyme A

Vitamin B5 Reaction Type

Acyl-group transfer

Hypertension

high blood pressure caused by a deficiency of vitamin B5

Vitamin Br

Biotin

Vitamin Br Coenzyme

Biotin-lysine adducts

Vitamin Br reaction type

ATP-Dependent Carboxylation and Carboxyl-group transfer

Rash about the Eyebrows, muscle pain, and fatigue

caused by a deficiency of vitamin Br

Glycolysis

1. Traping + Prep: glucose is trapped in the cell, using 2 ATP to convert it to fructose-1,6-biphosphate, that is then split into three carbons

2. Payoff Stage: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted into pyruvate to produce 4 ATP and 2 NADH