Language Methods

simple present

subject + original form of verb + object

simple past

subject + past form of verb + object

future simple

subject + will/shall + original form of verb + object

progressive aspect

stressing an action is continuing over a period of time

perfective aspect

action is in the past and continued up until present

present perfect

subject + has/have + past participle of verb + object

past perfect

subject + had + past participle of verb + object

future perfect

subject + will/shall/have + past participle of verb + object

present progressive

subject + am/is/are + original form of verb + ing + object

past progressive

subject + was/were + original form of verb + ing + object

future progressive

subject + will/shall + be + original form of verb + ing + object

present perfect progressive

subject + has/have + been + original form of verb + ing + object

past perfect progressive

subject + had + been + original form of verb + ing + object

simple sentence

subject + verb + object

compound sentence

two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) or a semicolon

complex sentence

one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause

compound-complex sentence

two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause

declarative sentence

to make a statement or provide information

interrogative sentence

to ask a question

imperative sentence

to give a command, request or suggestion

exclamatory sentence

to express strong emotion or surprise

subject

the person, thing or idea that the sentence is about

object

the person, thing or idea that receives the action of the verb

verb

describes the action or state of being

complement

a word or group of words that completes the meaning of the subject or verb

main clause

a clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence

dependent clause

a clause that cannot stand alone and depends on a main clause

noun clause

a clause that acts as a noun in the sentence

adjective clause

a clause that modifies a noun or pronoun

adverbial clause

a clause that modifies a verb, adjective or adverb

relative clause

a type of adjective clause that begins with a relative pronoun

coordinate clause

independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction/semicolon

concessive clause

a clause that shows contrast or contradiction

noun phrase

a phrase that includes a noun as the main word, and any modifiers

verb phrase

a phrase that includes a main verb and any auxiliary verbs

adjective phrase

a phrase that includes an adjective and any modifying words

adverb phrase

a phrase that includes an adverb and its modifiers

prepositional phrase

a phrase that includes a preposition and the object along with modifiers

proper noun

refers to names of people or places

abstract noun

refer to things that do not have a physical existence

concrete noun

refer to objects that have a physical existence

material verb

shows actions or events

relational verb

identify properties or show states of being

mental verb

show internal processes such as thinking

verbal verb

show external processes of communicating through speech

base adjective/adverb

the basic form of an adjective or adverb, modifying another word

comparative adjective/adverb

a form used to compare two instances

superlative adjective/adverb

the most or best of something

personal pronoun

refer to people, differentiated in terms of person, number or gender.

demonstrative pronoun

orientate the reader or listener to a person or object

indefinite pronoun

refer to a person, object or idea but non-specific

articles

determines something as definite or indefinite

possessives

determines ownership

quantifiers

determines specific or non specific quantity

co-ordinating conjunction

For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

subordinating conjunction

any other word used to link clauses - show dependency