Research using words, narrative, descriptive data.
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90% of research consist of __________
surveys.
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Survey
Research method in which people respond to questions.
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Population
A group of people that represent a larger group of people.
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Sample
Group of people that represent a larger group of people.
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Representative Sample
A sample that accurately depicts the characteristics of the population as a whole. The most valid and credible source. 2 types
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Random Sampling
Each individual in the population of interest has an equal chance/likelyhood of selection.
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Stratified Sample
A sample that is drawn from a number of separate strata of the population, rather than at random from the whole population, in order that it should be representative.
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Questionnaire
A written set of questions to be answered by a research participants.
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Interview
Researcher asks questions orally and record the answers of the participants.
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Closed-ended questions
A person must answer on a limited, predetermined set of responses, can be asked in both a questionnaire and an interview.
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Open-ended questions
Questions a person is to answer with their own words. Can be used in both a questionnaire and an interview.
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Secondary Analysis/content analysis
Using pre-collected information for data collection and research purposes.
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Field Research
Research that takes place in a natural setting. Participant Observation --> case study
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Participant Observation
A case study where the researcher becomes a member of the group being studied.
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Case Study
Intensive study of a single group, incident, or community.
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Covert participant observation
When members of the group being studied do not know that they are being researched, allowing more neutral data.
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Overt participant observation
The form of participant observation wherein the observed individuals are told that they are being studied, most often used.
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Functionalism-->
Survey
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Conflict Theory-->
Case study
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Symbolic Interactionism-->
Participant observation
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Causation
The belief that events occur in predictable ways and that one event leads to another.
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Multiple Causation
The belief that an event occurs as a result of several factors working in combination.
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Variable
A characteristic that is subject to change.
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Independent variable
A characteristic that causes something to occur.
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Dependent Variable
Results from the change in the independent variable.
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Intervening Variable
A variable that changes the relationship between an independent and dependent variable.
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Positive correlation
Exists if both the the dependent and independent variable change in the same direction.
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Negative correlation
Variables change on the opposite directions.
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Spurious correlation
A relationship between two variables that is actually caused by a third factor.
Studied by 4 people
