Muscle Actions and Strengthening Exercises

Shoulder Flexion - Prime Mover

Anterior deltoid and pectoralis major

Shoulder Flexion - Location of Prime Mover

Front of the shoulder

Shoulder Flexion - Limited ROM Demonstration

Raise your arm forward and overhead

Shoulder Flexion - Antagonistic Muscle

Posterior deltoid

Shoulder Joint Type

Ball-and-socket

Shoulder Joint - Forming Bones

Humerus and scapula

Shoulder Joint - Bony Landmarks

Glenoid cavity of scapula, head of humerus

Shoulder Flexion - Strengthening Exercise

Front raises with dumbbells

Elbow Flexion - Prime Mover

Biceps brachii

Elbow Flexion - Location of Prime Mover

Front of the upper arm

Elbow Flexion - Limited ROM Demonstration

Try bending the elbow

Elbow Flexion - Antagonistic Muscle

Triceps brachii

Elbow Joint Type

Hinge

Elbow Joint - Forming Bones

Humerus, radius, ulna

Elbow Joint - Bony Landmarks

Olecranon process (ulna), trochlea (humerus)

Elbow Flexion - Strengthening Exercise

Bicep curls

Elbow Extension - Prime Mover

Triceps brachii

Elbow Extension - Location of Prime Mover

Back of the upper arm

Elbow Extension - Limited ROM Demonstration

Try straightening the elbow

Elbow Extension - Antagonistic Muscle

Biceps brachii

Elbow Extension - Strengthening Exercise

Triceps dips

Wrist Flexion - Prime Movers

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris

Wrist Flexion - Location of Prime Movers

Front of the forearm

Wrist Joint Type

Condyloid

Wrist Flexion - Strengthening Exercise

Wrist curls

Hip Flexion - Prime Mover

Iliopsoas

Hip Flexion - Location of Prime Mover

Front of the hip

Hip Flexion - Antagonistic Muscle

Gluteus maximus

Hip Joint Type

Ball-and-socket

Hip Flexion - Strengthening Exercise

Leg raises

Knee Extension - Prime Mover

Quadriceps

Knee Extension - Location of Prime Mover

Front of the thigh

Knee Extension - Antagonistic Muscle

Hamstrings

Knee Joint Type

Hinge

Knee Extension - Strengthening Exercise

Leg press

Plantar Flexion - Prime Movers

Gastrocnemius, soleus

Plantar Flexion - Location of Prime Movers

Back of the lower leg

Plantar Flexion - Antagonistic Muscle

Tibialis anterior

Ankle Joint Type

Hinge

Plantar Flexion - Strengthening Exercise

Calf raises

Smiling - Prime Mover

Zygomaticus major

Smiling - Location of Prime Mover

Cheek area

Facial Muscles - Strengthening Exercise

Exaggerated smiling

Swallowing - Prime Mover

Suprahyoid muscles

Swallowing - Antagonistic Muscle

Infrahyoid muscles

Swallowing - Strengthening Exercise

Tongue presses

Neck Flexion - Prime Mover

Sternocleidomastoid

Neck Flexion - Location of Prime Mover

Side of the neck

Neck Flexion - Antagonistic Muscle

Trapezius

Neck Flexion - Strengthening Exercise

Neck resistance exercises

Inhalation - Prime Mover

Diaphragm

Inhalation - Antagonistic Muscle

Internal intercostals (forced exhalation)

Breathing - Strengthening Exercise

Diaphragmatic breathing

Trunk Flexion - Prime Mover

Rectus abdominis

Trunk Flexion - Location of Prime Mover

Front of the abdomen

Trunk Flexion - Antagonistic Muscle

Erector spinae

Trunk Flexion - Strengthening Exercise

Crunches