BIODIVERSITY

BIODIVERSITY

BIODIVERSITY

= VARIETY

• VARIETY OF LIFE ON EARTH AND THE ESSENTIAL INDEPENDENCE OF ALL LIVING THINGS

  • REFERS TO THE SPECIES RICHNESS OVER A SPECIFIED AREA

  • ABNORMAL DECREASE IN BIODIVERSITY LEADS TO THE EXTINCTION OF SOME SPECIES

3 COMPONENTS OF BIODIVERSITY

-DIVERSITY OG GENES

-DIVERSITY OF NUMBER OF SPECIES

-VARIETY OF ECOSYSTEMS

DIVERSITY OF GENES

CHIHUAHUAS AND BEAGLES ARE THE SAME SPECIES BUT ARE NOT THE SAME DUE TO GENES

DIVERSITY OF NUMBER OF SPECIES

FOR EXMAMPLE, MONKEYS, DRAGONFLIES, AND MEADOW BEAUTIES ARE ALL DIFFERENT SPECIES

-SAKI MONKEY

-GOLDEN SKIMMER

-MEADOW BEAUTY

VARIETY OF ECOSYSTEMS

LAKES, PONDS, AND RIVERS ARE ALL FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS

. ROCKY COAST, ESTUARY, SALTH MARSH, CORAL REEF ARE ALL marine ecosystem

CORAL REEF= MARINE ECOSYSTEM

RIVER = FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM

ECOSYSTEM

• A SELF-CONTAINED COMMUNITY OF MICROORGANISM, ANIMALS AND PLANTS THAT INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH THEIR PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

  = E.G A ROCK POOL

HABITAT

• THIS IS THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION OF WHERE A CREATURE LIVES.

  THE NAME OF THE PLACE WHERE THE CREATURE LIVES

• EG ARCTIC CANDA IS THE HABITAT OF THE POLAR BEAR URS MARITIMA.

  THE TYPE OF PLACE WHERE THE CREATURE LIVES.

• EG SPECIES OF FISH LIKE PIKE ESOX LUCIUS ARE FOUND IN freshwater lakes and ponds

THREATENED SPECIES

A POPULATION OF A SPECIES BEGINS DECLINING RAPIDLY.

EXAMPLE

-PHILIPPINES FLYING LEMUR

-PHILIPPINE DEER

-WHALE SHARK

-BINTURONG

ENDANGERED SPECIES

WHEN A POPULATION OF A SPECIES BECOME SO LOW THAT ONLY A FEW REMAIN

EXAMPLE

-TAMARAW

-PHILIPPINE FRESHWATER CROCODILE

-MONKEY EATING EAGLE

-DUGONG

EXTINCTION

LAST REPRESENTATIVE OF A SPECIES DIES

• DODO ( RAPHUS CUCULLATUS)

  • A FLIGHTLESS BIRD THAT LIVES IN ISLAND MAURITIUS

  • DESTRUCTION OF FOREST HABITAT

  • HUMAN PREDATION

    • CEBU WARTY PIG

      - PREVIOUSLY LIVED N CEBU

      -HABITAT DESTRUCTION

9 NATURAL CAUSES OF EXTINCTION

-GLOBAL COOLING AND WARMING

-MAJOR GLACIATION OF ICE AGES

-FLUCTUATION IN SEA LEVEL

-GLOBAL REDUCTION OF OXYGEN LEVEL

-VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

-ASTEROID, COMET OR METEOR IMPACTS

-PLATE TECTONICS, CONTINENTAL DRIFT

-GAMMA RADIATION

-DISEASES

2 TYPES OF EXTINCTION

• BACKGROUND E XTINCTION

• MASS EXTINCTION

BACKGROUND EXTINCTION

-NORMAL OR NEUTRAL EXTINCTION

-STANDARD RATE OF EXTINCTION BEFORE HUMAN CECAME PRIMARY CONTRIBUTORS OF EXTINCTION OF ORGANISMS.

-RATE IS SLOWER

MASS EXTINCTION

-WIDESPREAD AND RAPID DECREASE IN THE AMOUNT OF BIODIVERSITY

-IT OCCURS WHEN THE RATE OF EXTINCTION IS FASTER THAN THE RATE OF SPECIATION

(FORMATION OF NEW SPECIES)

INDIRECT CAUSES of extinction

-HABITAT DESTRUCTION

-INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC SPECIES

-POLLUTION

POLLUTION

• CAHNGE THE COMPOSITION OF AIR, SOIL AND WATER

• PESTICIDES

  -DICHOLORO DIPHENYL TRICHOLORETHANE (DDT)

  -POLYCHOLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB)

BIOACCUMULATION

-PROCESS BY WHICH POLLUTANTS ENTER A FOOD CHAIN THROUGH THE ORGANISM IN THE 1ST TROPHIC LEVEL.

BIOMAGNIFICATION

-THE INCREASE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF A POLLUTANT FROM ONE ORGANISM IN A FOOD CHAIN TO ANOTHER

EUTROPHICATION

• OCCURS WHEN FERTILIZERS, ANIMAL WASTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES THAT ARE RICH IN nitrogen AND phosphorus FLOW TO WATER HABITATS CAUSING algal growth

• HIGH NUTRIENT RUNOFF PROMOTES EXCESSIVE GROWTH OF PHYTOPLANKTON

PHYTOPLANKTON

PHOYOSYNTHETIC ORHANISMS THAT ARE PRODUCERS OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM

DIRECT CAUSES OF EXTINCTION

-OVEREXPLOITATION

-BY HUNTING, GATHERING AND COLLECTION