Mutations Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover the key concepts and definitions related to mutations discussed in the lecture, helping students understand the effects and types of mutations.

Mutation

A heritable change in genetic information.

Gene Mutation

A mutation that specifically affects a gene.

Chromosomal Mutation

A mutation that affects whole chromosomes or large sections of them.

Point Mutation

A change in a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence.

Substitution Mutation

A point mutation where one base is changed to a different base.

Insertion Mutation

A mutation that occurs when a single extra base is added into the genetic code.

Deletion Mutation

A mutation that happens when a single base is removed from the genetic code.

Mutagen

Chemical or physical agents in the environment that can cause mutations.

Harmful Mutation

A mutation that dramatically changes protein structure or gene activity, leading to negative effects.

Beneficial Mutation

A mutation that produces proteins with new or altered functions that can be advantageous in different environments.