Cardiology Lecture Review

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and key concepts from the cardiology lecture notes, focusing on embryology, congenital heart defects, heart function, and related diseases.

Embryologic Derivatives

Structures in development originating from the embryonic layer that give rise to different parts of the heart and vessels.

Truncus Arteriosus

A condition where a single large vessel arises from the heart instead of separating into the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

A congenital heart defect where the truncus arteriosus fails to separate into the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Atrial Septation

The process of forming septa between the atria during heart development.

Patent Foramen Ovale

A condition in which the foramen ovale, a small opening in the septum between the atria, fails to close after birth.

Atrial Septal Defect

A congenital heart defect characterized by a hole in the septum that separates the two atria.

Aortic Arch Derivatives

Structures that originate from the embryonic aortic arches and develop into major vessels of the neck and thorax.

Sinus Venosus

The cavity from which the coronary sinus and the posterior part of the right atrium develop.

Common Cardinal Veins

Veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart; develop into the superior vena cava.

Umbilical Vein

The vein that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus; becomes the ligamentum teres in adults.

Ventricular Septal Defect

A congenital defect characterized by an opening in the ventricular septum allowing mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Aortic Arch

The portion of the aorta that bends between the ascending and descending aorta; gives rise to major arteries.

Congenital Heart Defects

Structural problems with the heart present at birth that disrupt normal blood flow.

Atrial Fibrillation

A common heart arrhythmia characterized by irregular and rapid beating, often exacerbated by underlying heart disease.

Cardiomyopathy

A disease of the heart muscle that affects its size, shape, and ability to pump blood.

Heart Failure

A condition where the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.

Hypertension

A condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.

Stroke Volume

The amount of blood the heart pumps with each beat.

Cardiac Output

The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute, calculated as stroke volume times heart rate.

Mean Arterial Pressure

The average pressure in a person's arteries during one cardiac cycle.

Coronary Blood Flow

The flow of blood to the heart muscle, primarily during diastole.

Cardiac Cycle

The sequence of events in a heart cycle, encompassing one heartbeat.