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inflection
adjusting a word to fit the sentence (not creating new words)
Derivation
builds new words using prefixes or suffixes
obligatorily expressed
Language requires you to show tense, number, or person every time you speak/write
arbitrary limitations
random unnecessary rules
compositional meaning
you can figure out meaning from parts (students = student + PL)
base allomorphy
when the base (root) changes sound/shape based on context
inflection tends to be
more relevant to syntax
obligatorily expressed
applied without arbitrary limitations
more abstract
compositional meaning
use less base allomorphy