Lecture 11: Deuterostomes

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21 Terms

1
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Duterostomes: characteristics

"second mouth" - anus from blastopore (anus forms b4 mouth)

coelom develops from out-pocketing of mesoderm

<p>"second mouth" - anus from blastopore (anus forms b4 mouth)</p><p>coelom develops from out-pocketing of mesoderm</p>
2
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Invertebrates are (protostomes/deuterostomes)

(most/least) of all animals

both

most

3
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T/F All deuterotomes are vertebrates

False: most deuterostomes are vertebrates

<p>False: most deuterostomes are vertebrates</p>
4
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Four deuterostome phyla

Echinodermata

Hemichordata

Xenoturbellida

Chordata

<p>Echinodermata</p><p>Hemichordata</p><p>Xenoturbellida</p><p>Chordata</p>
5
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Function of water vascular system

movement

food/waste transport

gas exchange

<p>movement</p><p>food/waste transport</p><p>gas exchange</p>
6
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Where is the echinoderm endoskeleton? How is it formed

underneath epidermis

formed: secretion of CaCo3 plates

7
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How do sea stars eat?

predators:

tube feet pry apart shells, push stomach into shell, secrete digestive enzymes, absorb nutrient-rich material

8
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Chordates: 4 features

1) Pharyngeal gill slits (openings into throat)

2) dorsal hollow nerve cord

3) notochord

4) muscular post-anal tail

9
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what is a dorsal hollow nerve cord

projections from neurons running length of body

<p>projections from neurons running length of body</p>
10
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what is a notochord

stuff and supportive (yet flexible) rod running length of body

<p>stuff and supportive (yet flexible) rod running length of body</p>
11
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Pharyngeal gill slits become what in aquatic vs terrestrial animals

gills in aquatic

cranial structure (jaw/ear) in terrestrial

<p>gills in aquatic</p><p>cranial structure (jaw/ear) in terrestrial</p>
12
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what does the dorsal hollow nerve cord become?

spinal cord, surrounded by vertebral column

<p>spinal cord, surrounded by vertebral column</p>
13
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Vertebrae synapomorphies and their function

vertebrae

cranium

(protect central nervous system)

<p>vertebrae</p><p>cranium</p><p>(protect central nervous system)</p>
14
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What protects the large, three-part brain of a vertebrate?

hard cranium

<p>hard cranium</p>
15
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Why was evolving a jaw important?

capture prey+bite

no longer just suspension feeding

<p>capture prey+bite</p><p>no longer just suspension feeding</p>
16
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Three extant tetrapods:

amphibians

mammals

reptiles

17
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What fish is most like a tetrapod

lungfish

lungs

18
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Amphibians

(food, eggs, when, larvae)

first on land

feed on land

eggs in water

most metamorphasize

monophyletic

19
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Components of amnionic egg

embryo (amnion)

yolk sac (from mother)

allantois (waste storage)

albumen (cushions embryo, provides nutrients)

membranes (including chorion- support + gas exchange)

shell

<p>embryo (amnion)</p><p>yolk sac (from mother)</p><p>allantois (waste storage)</p><p>albumen (cushions embryo, provides nutrients)</p><p>membranes (including chorion- support + gas exchange)</p><p>shell</p>
20
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mammals traits

mammary glands

endotherms

fur

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Extant mammal lineages (3)

monotremes (eggs)

marsupials (pouch)

eutherians (placenta)