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Metal + Acid
= Salt + Hydrogen
Metal Oxide + Acid
= Salt + Water
Metal Hydroxide + Acid
= Salt + Water
Metal Carbonates + Acid
Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Hydrochloric Acid produces what types of salts
Chloride Salts
Sulfuric Acid produces what types of salts
Sulfate salts
Nitric Acid produces what types of salts
Nitrate Salts
Oxidation is
Loss
Reduction is
Gain
What is displacement
Elements which are higher up on the reactivity series displace those lower on the reactivity series
What do acids produce
Hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions
How much do strong acids ionise in aqueous solutions
Fully
How much do weak acids ionise in aqueous solutio
Partially
What shows that the acid is weak in an equation
It’s partially ionising
As you go from 1 → 2 on the pH scale
10x
Two forms of extraction of metallic ions
Phytomining and Bioleaching
What does bioleaching use
Bacteria
In bioleaching what does bacteria do
Breaks ores down to an acidic solution containing metal ions
In bioleaching how are copper ions displaced from the acid
With Iron
What technique is used on land containing the metallic compound
Phytomining
What does phytomining use to extract the metal ions
Hyperaccumulators
Why are hyperaccumulators used
Because they accumulate large amounts of metals in their tissues and sap
After the hyperaccumulators absorb metal ions from the land what happens
The plants are burned
In phytomining what happens to the ashes
They’re put in sulfuric acid to remove the metal ions
Define mineral
Naturally occuring substance containing a metal
Define ore
Mineral contains enough metal to economically extract
What does electrolysis evolve
Using electricity to break down to form elements
What part of the reactivity series uses Electrolysis
Aluminium - Pottasium
What part of the reactivity series uses carbon to displace them
Carbon → Iron and below
What is rusting
An oxidation reaction
What is required for rusting
Water and Oxygen
What does salt in water do to the rate of rusting
Increases it
What does boiling water do to rusting
Reduces O2 reducing rusting
When does metal corrode
When it reacts with another substance
What does atom economy do
Measures the efficiency of a chemical reaction
What is a limiting reagent
Substances that are completely consumed in the completion of a chemical reaction. Limiting the amount of product to be made.
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