Chemical Calculations and Changes

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43 Terms

1

Metal + Acid

= Salt + Hydrogen

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2

Metal Oxide + Acid

= Salt + Water

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3

Metal Hydroxide + Acid

= Salt + Water

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4

Metal Carbonates + Acid

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

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5

Hydrochloric Acid produces what types of salts

Chloride Salts

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6

Sulfuric Acid produces what types of salts

Sulfate salts

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7

Nitric Acid produces what types of salts

Nitrate Salts

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8

Oxidation is

Loss

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9

Reduction is

Gain

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10

What is displacement

Elements which are higher up on the reactivity series displace those lower on the reactivity series

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11

What do acids produce

Hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions

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12

How much do strong acids ionise in aqueous solutions

Fully

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13

How much do weak acids ionise in aqueous solutio

Partially

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14

What shows that the acid is weak in an equation

It’s partially ionising

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15

As you go from 1 → 2 on the pH scale

10x

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16

Two forms of extraction of metallic ions

Phytomining and Bioleaching

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17

What does bioleaching use

Bacteria

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18

In bioleaching what does bacteria do

Breaks ores down to an acidic solution containing metal ions

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19

In bioleaching how are copper ions displaced from the acid

With Iron

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20

What technique is used on land containing the metallic compound

Phytomining

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21

What does phytomining use to extract the metal ions

Hyperaccumulators

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22

Why are hyperaccumulators used

Because they accumulate large amounts of metals in their tissues and sap

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23

After the hyperaccumulators absorb metal ions from the land what happens

The plants are burned

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24

In phytomining what happens to the ashes

They’re put in sulfuric acid to remove the metal ions

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25

Define mineral

Naturally occuring substance containing a metal

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26

Define ore

Mineral contains enough metal to economically extract

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27

What does electrolysis evolve

Using electricity to break down to form elements

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28

What part of the reactivity series uses Electrolysis

Aluminium - Pottasium

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29

What part of the reactivity series uses carbon to displace them

Carbon → Iron and below

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30

What is rusting

An oxidation reaction

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31

What is required for rusting

Water and Oxygen

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32

What does salt in water do to the rate of rusting

Increases it

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33

What does boiling water do to rusting

Reduces O2 reducing rusting

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34

When does metal corrode

When it reacts with another substance

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35

What does atom economy do

Measures the efficiency of a chemical reaction

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36

What is a limiting reagent

Substances that are completely consumed in the completion of a chemical reaction. Limiting the amount of product to be made.

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