Bio- Bones of the body

functions of the skeletal system

- support and shape

- protection of internal organs

- movement

- storage of calcium and phosphorous

- production of blood cells (bone marrow)

- connection to other organ sys.

the body of an infant / baby

- made out of cartilage (flexibility)

- the whole skeleton produces red bone marrow

characteristics of a female skeleton

- wider pelvis

- flexible back spine

- higher ribcage

- different skull

cartilage

- connective tissue

- no blood vessels, no nerves

- made of chondrocytes

3 types of cartilage

- hyaline

- elastic

- fibrous

hyaline cartilage

Most common type

found on the ends of long bones and ribs

forms the fetal skeleton

elastic cartilage

flexible, ears and nose

fibrous cartilage

dense tissue, in intervertebral discs of spine, knee

bone characteristics

- contains bone marros

- storage for Ca, P ions

- solid support, enclosure, protection

3 bone cell types

osteocytes

osteoblasts

osteoclasts

osteocytes

contains bone tissue, found in cavities

osteoblaasts

Osteoclasts

reabsorb bone

osteogenic cells

stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

spongy bone

7

porous, bone marrow

compact bone

5, 4

dense outside layer

proximal epiphysis

1

diaphysis

2

distal epiphysis

3

Periosteum

okostnica

the outer layer

long bones

- mechanical support, long

- femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna

short bones

- cube shaped, enables motion

- tarsals, carpals

flat bones

- large surface area for skin or muscle attachment

- skull, shoulder blade

irregular bones

- protection and support

- vertebrae and facial bones

sesamoid bones

- extra protection against friction

- patella (knee cap)

lumbar

driekové stavce

Sternum

mostík

Clavicle

klúčna kosť

Scapula

lopatka

Humerus

ramenná kosť

Radius

connects to the thumb

vretenná kosť

Ulna

lakťová kosť

hip bone- illium, pubis, ischium

kosti panvy - bedrová, lonová, sedacia

ankle bone

členková kosť

carpals

zápästie

Metacarpals-hand

záprstie

tarsals

priehlavok

femur

stehenná

patella

jabĺčko

Tibia

píšťala

Fibula

ihlica

Metacarpals- foot

predpriehlavok

heel bone

pätová kosť