Exam 3 Adaptive Immunity

What is the 3rd line of defense

adaptive immunity

What 2 cells carry out adaptive imunity

B and T cells

Clonality

When activated Immune Cells will reproduce and make identical copies of itself

Inducibility

Cells activate ONLY i response to a Specific Pathogen

Memory

Immune Cells will retain Memory of a Pathogen after initial exposure

Specificity

Immune Cells will ONLY target a single type of Foreign Microbe

Unresponsive to self

Immune Cells, ideally, will not attack Host Cells

The response carried out by T cells

cell mediated immunity

The response carried out by B cells

Humoral immunity

Which cell is produced and matured in bone marrow

B cells

Which cell is produced in bone marrow and matured in thymus

T cell

Antigen

A structure on a cell which Immune Cells use to determine if the cell is Foreign to the host, and is Immunogenic

Epitope

region of the Ag which is detected as foreign by the body

Immunogenciity

able to produce an immune response

What is MHC

detects antigens and positions epitope of Ag for presentation

Found on all nucleated cells and presents Ag to cytotoxic t cells

MHC I

Found on APC and presents Ag to T helper cells

MHC II

Factors that determine how immunogenic an Ag is

Size, 3D structure and composition

Another name for Ab

immunoglobulin

structure of Ab

Y shaped and composed of a heavy and light chain connected by disulfide bonds

Which component determines type of Ab

variable of heavy chain

Which cells produce a secrete Ab

plasma cells

What cells are involved in T cell dependent immunity

APC, B cell, Helper T, and plasma cells

How are B cells activated in T cell dependent immunity

helper T cell secretes cytokines

What occurs after B cell activated in T cell dependent immunity

b cell binds to Ag and divides into clones

What happens to B cells after infection has resolved

they become memory B cells

How does the B cell self activate in T cell independent immunity

b cells able to form many attachments to numerous epitopes

When does primary response occur

when exposed to Ag

What is dominant Ab produced in primary response

IgM

Time frame for primary response

several days to weeks

When does secondary response occur

on subsequent exposure

What is dominant Ab produced in secondary response

IgG

Time frame for secondary response

rapid

IgG

Most abundant Ab in circulation. Is able to cross the Placenta providing limited Immune Protection to developing Fetus

IgM

Dominant Ab in the Primary Response. Plays role in Agglutination and stimulates increased Phagocytosis

IgA

Found in the Mucous Membranes and Bodily Secretions. Because it is found in Breast Milk it provides limited Immune Protection to Breast Feeding Newborns

IgD

Plays a role in the activation of B Cells

IgE

Causes Degranulation when it binds to Basophils and MAST Cells

Aggulation

Ab binds to Antigen (Ag) on multiple cells causing them to clump together

Complement fixation

Activates the Complement Cascade

Neutralization

Binds to Antigen (Ag) on Toxins preventing them from harming our cells

Opsonization

Ab covers the surface of Foreign Microbe

Cell mediated immunity

Mediated by T cells which react with single Ag and Ag is processed by an APC

How are T cells involved in cell mediated immunity

recognize Ag presented by APC and secreted cytokines that activate other cells

Cytotoxic T cells

Destroys Foreign Microbes by secreting Perforin which causes Cell Lysis

Delayed T cells

Responsible for Type IV Hyprsensitivity. Symptoms occur days after exposur

Memory T cells

Remembers Pathogen following initial exposure

Suppressor T cells

Regulates Immune System by Inhibiting the Immune Response

Helper T cells

Activates other Immune Cells