Biology Vocab Quiz

Dec. 2nd

ATP

is a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell proccesses

ADP

is a lower-energy molecule that can be converted to ATP by the addition of a phosphate group

Chemosynthesis

is a process by which some organisms use chemical energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules.

Photosynthesis

is a process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy.

Chlorophyll

absorbs some of the energy in visible light during photosynthesis.

Thylakoid

Are stacks of coin-shaped, membrane-enclosed compartments that contain chlorophyll, proteins, and other light-absorbing materials.

Light-dependent reactions

capture energy from sunlight.

Light-independent reactions

uses energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars.

photosystem

series of light-absorbing pigments and proteins that capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid membrane.

electron transport chain

a series of proteins in the membrane of a thylakoid membrane.

ATP synthase

enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.

Calvin Cycle

process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy synthesize simple sugars from CO2

Cellular respiration

process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present

aerobic

process that requires oxygen to occur

glycolysis

anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and two net ATP molecules are produced

anaerobic

process that does not require oxygen to occur.

Krebs cycle

process during cellular respiration that breaks down a carbon molecule to produce molecules that are used in the electron transport chain

fermentation

is an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue.

lactic acid

is what causes your muscles to burn during hard exercise