HTML BASICS
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33 Terms
HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE AND EXTENSIBLE HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE
are the foundation of all web development.
HTML
is used as the graphical user interface in client-side programs written in JavaScript.
.html
All are essentially plain text files, with the .html extension.
code editor
HTML files should not be created with a word processor, but in some type of editor that creates plain text.
<head>
contains information useful behind the scenes, such as CSS formatting instructions and JavaScript code.
<body>
contains the part of the page that is visible to the user
tag
is a piece of text inside angle brackets (<>).
typically have a beginning and an end, and usually contain some sort of text inside them
attribute
describes where the image file can be found,
and the alt attribute describes alternate text
that is displayed if the image is unavailable.
<html>
Surrounds the entire page
<head>
Contains header information (metadata, CSS styles, JavaScript code)
<title></title>
Holds the page title normally displayed in the title bar and used in search results
<body>
Contains the main body text. All parts of the page normally visible are in the bod
h1 (Heading 1)
Reserved for strongest emphasis
h2 (Heading 2)
Secondary level Heading
p (paragraph)
Most of the body of a page should be enclosed in paragraphs
div(s)
usually contain paragraphs
<ul></ul> Unordered list
Normally these lists feature bullets (but that can be changed with CSS)
<ol></ol> Ordered list
These usually are numbered, but this can be changed with CSS
<li></li> List item
Used to describe a list item in an unordered list or an ordered list
<dl></dl> Definition list
Used for lists with name-value pairs
<dt></dt> Definition term
The name in a name-value pair. Used in definition lists
<dd></dd> Definition description
The value (or definition) of a name, value pair
<table></table>
Defines beginning and end of a table
<tr></tr> Table row
Defines a table row. A table normally consists of several <tr> pairs (one per row)
<td></td> Table data
Indicates data in a table cell. <td> tags occur within <tr> (which occur within <table>)
<th></th> Table heading
Indicates a table cell to be treated as a heading with special formatting
<a href></a>
The anchor tag is used to provide the basic web link
<link rel = />
is used primarily to pull in external CSS files
<img src = />
is used in to attach an image. Valid formats are .jpg, .png, and .gif.
Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
• Describes the appearance, layout, and presentation of information on a web page.
• Describes how information is to be displayed, not what is being displayed
• Can be embedded in HTML document or placed into separate .css file
External Style Sheet
• Used when applied to many pages.
• You can change the look of an entire website by changing one file.
• Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section.
Internal Style Sheet
• Should be used when a single document has a unique style.
• You define internal styles in the head section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag.
Inline Style
• To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag.
• The style attribute can contain any CSS property.