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A. Identify ONE cultural difference shown in map 2.

One cultural difference shown in Map 2 is the religious division between mainly Protestant and mainly Catholic neighborhoods in West Belfast. The map shows distinct residential segregation based on religious identity.

Define what a multinational state is and include the individual nations of the UK.

A multinational state is a state that contains two or more distinct nations within its borders. The United Kingdom is a multinational state made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, each with its own cultural identity.

Describe how Brexit is a form of devolution for the United Kingdom.

Brexit is a form of devolution because it returned decision-making power from a supranational organization (the European Union) back to the national government of the UK. Leaving the EU increased the UK’s political sovereignty by allowing it to control its own laws, trade, and immigration policies.

Describe a centrifugal force in the United Kingdom as it relates to devolution.

A centrifugal force in the United Kingdom is regional nationalism, particularly in Scotland and Northern Ireland. These regions have strong cultural identities and political movements that seek greater autonomy or independence, which weakens national unity and increases demands for devolution.

Explain one way Brexit increased devolutionary pressures within the United Kingdom amongst its various nations.

Brexit increased devolutionary pressures because Scotland and Northern Ireland voted to remain in the EU while England voted to leave. This political disagreement strengthened independence movements, especially in Scotland, where leaders argue that remaining in the UK no longer reflects the will of Scottish voters.