Chem 130: Quantum Numbers

n

Principle quantum number

values= 1,2,3..

Tells us size of orbital, electron shell, and the region for the value of energy for a electorn in the orbital

l

Angular momentum quantum number

Depends on n: l =(n-1)

Rule: 0 ≤ l ≤n-1

Tells us the subshell, and the shape of the orbital

𝑚𝑙

Magnetic quantum number

Rule: -l ≤ ml ≤l

3D orientation in space

ms

Electron spin

Sign of electron (up or down)

Rule: -1/2 or +1/2

l value for s subshell

0

l value for p subshell

1

l value for d subshell

2

l value for f subshell

3

l =0 (s orbital)

2 electrons

l= 1 (p orbital)

6 electrons

l =2 (d orbital)

10 electrons

l=3 (f orbital)

14 electrons

The energy of an electron in an atom is ___ for ___ values of n

greater, larger

Principal quantum number (n)

used to characterize an orbital

Atomic orbital

general region in space around the nucleus that an electron is most likely to reside

For an orbital where n=1, l=?

0

for an orbital with n=2, l =?

l = 0 and 1

orbitals with the same value of l form a

subshell

s subshell has a __ shape

shperical

p subshell has a _ shape

dumbbell

each orbital holds _ electrons

2 electrons

Energy level equation

2n^2

n=1

max electrons = 2

n=2

max electrons = 8

n=3

max electrons = 18

n=4

max electrons = 32

Number of orbitals in an energy level equation

n^2

n= 1

1 orbital

n= 2

4 orbitals

n=3

9 orbitals

n= 4

16 orbitals

propose a set of quantum numbers that fulfill the 4p subshell

n= 4

l = 1 (b/c p=1 )

ml = -1, 0, OR 1

ms = ±½