Muscle Manual

Occipital bone: superior nuchal line and the external occipital protuberance

Nuchal ligament

CV7-TV12 on the spinous process

what is the proximal attachment of the trapezius?

Clavicle: posterior border of the lateral side

Scapula: spine and acromion

what is the distal attachment of the trapezius?

CN 11 the spinal accessory nerve, ventral rami of C3-C4 spinal nerves

what innervates the trapezius?

upper fibers = scapula elevation and upward rotation;

middle fibers = scapula retraction;

lower fibers = scapula depression and upward rotation

what are the actions of the trapezius?

TV7-TV12 spinous process

thoracolumbar fascia

iliac crest of the ilium

ribs 9-12

what is the proximal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

humerus: floor of the intertubercular groove

what is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

what innervates the latissimus dorsi?

shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation

what is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

CV1-CV4 transverse processes

what is the proximal attachment of the levator scapulae?

scapula: medial border from superior angle to base of spine

what is the distal attachment of the levator scapulae?

dorsal scapular nerve C4 & C5 and ventral rami of C3-C4 spinal nerves

what innervates the levator scapulae?

scapula elevation and downward rotation

what are the actions of the levator scapulae?

nuchal ligament

CV7-TV1 spinous process

what is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid minor?

medial border of the scapula at the base of the spine

what is the distal attachment of the rhomboid minor?

dorsal scapular nerve C4C5

what is the innervation of the rhomboid minor?

scapula retraction & downward rotation

what are the actions of the rhomboid minor?

TV2-TV5 spinous processes

what is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid major?

medial border of the scapula from the base of the spine to the inferior angle

what is the distal attachment of the rhomboid major?

dorsal scapular nerve c4c5

what innervates the rhomboid major?

scapula retraction and downward rotation

what are the actions of the rhomboid major?

clavicle: lateral portion of anterior border

Scapula: acromion and spine

what is the proximal attachment of the deltoid?

Humerus: deltoid tuberosity

what is the distal attachment of the deltoid?

axillary nerve C5C6

what innervates the deltoid?

anterior fibers = shoulder flexion/medial rotation

middle fibers = shoulder abduction

posterior fibers = shoulder extension/lateral rotation

what are the actions of the deltoid?

scapula: posterior surface of the inferior angle

what is the proximal attachment of the teres major?

humerus: medial lip of the intertubercular groove

what is the distal attachment of the teres major?

Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

what innervates the teres major?

shoulder adduction, extension, and medial rotation

what are the actions of the teres major?

supraspinous fossa of scapula

what is the proximal attachment of the supraspinatus?

greater tubercle of humerus

what is the distal attachment of the supraspinatus?

suprascapular nerve C4C5C6

what innervates the supraspinatus?

shoulder abduction, holds humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

what are the actions of the supraspinatus?

infraspinous fossa of the scapula

what is the proximal attachment of the infraspinatus?

the greater tubercle of the humerus

what is the distal attachment of the infraspinatus?

suprascapular nerve C5C6

what innervates the infraspinatus?

shoulder lateral rotation, holds humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

what are the actions of the infraspinatus?

middle part of the lateral border of the scapula

what is the proximal attachment of the teres minor?

greater tubercle of the humerus

what is the distal attachment of the teres minor?

axillary nerve C5&C6

what innervates the teres minor?

shoulder lateral rotation, holds humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

what are the actions of the teres minor?

subscapular fossa of the scapula

what is the proximal attachment of the subscapularis?

lesser tubercle of the humerus

what is the distal attachment of the subscapularis?

upper & lower subscapular nerves

what innervates the subscapularis?

shoulder medial rotation; holds humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

what are the actions of the subscapularis?

clavicular head section = the medial side of the anterior border of the clavicle

sternocostal head side = the anterior surface of the sternum

costal cartilage of ribs 1-6

aponeurosis of the external oblique

what is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis major?

lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

what is the distal attachment of the pectoralis major?

clavicular head side = lateral pectoral nerve

sternocostal head side = medial pectoral nerve

what innervates the pectoralis major?

shoulder adduction and medial rotation

clavicular head side = shoulder flexion

sternocostal head side = shoulder extension from a flexed position

what are the actions of the pectoralis major?

near the costal cartilages of ribs 3-5

what is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

the coracoid process of the scapula

what is the distal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

what innervates the pectoralis minor?

scapula depression and downward rotation

what are the actions of the pectoralis minor?

the junction of rib 1 and its costal cartilage

what is the proximal attachment of the subclavius?

the middle of the inferior surface of the clavicle

what is the distal attachment of the subclavius?

nerve to the subclavius

what innervates the subclavius?

anchors and depresses clavicle

what are the actions of the subclavius?

the lateral side of ribs 1-8

what is the proximal attachment of the serratus anterior?

the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

what is the distal attachment of the the serratus anterior?

long thoracic nerve

what innervates the serratus anterior?

scapula protraction and upward rotation

what are the actions of the serratus anterior?

short head = coracoid process of the scapula

long head = supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

what is the proximal attachment of the biceps brachii?

tuberosity of the the radius

bicipital aponeurosis

what is the distal attachment of the biceps brachii?

musculocutaneous nerve

what innervates the biceps brachii?

forearm supination, elbow flexion, shoulder flexion and abduction

what are the actions of the biceps brachii?

the anterior surface of the medial/distal humerus

what is the proximal attachment of the brachialis?

the coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

what is the distal attachment of the brachialis?

musculocutaneous and radial nerves

what innervates the brachialis?

elbow flexion

what are the actions of the brachialis?

coracoid process of the scapula

what is the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis?

the medial surface of the middle of the humerus

what is the distal attachment of the coracobrachialis?

musculocutaneous nerve

what innervates the coracobrachialis?

shoulder flexion and adduction

what are the actions of the coracobrachialis?

long head = infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, lateral head = posterior surface proximal to the radial groove of the humerus, medial head = posterior surface distal to the radial groove of the humerus

what is the proximal attachment of the triceps brachii?

olecranon of the ulna, antebrachial fascia of the forearm

what is the distal attachment of the triceps brachii?

radial nerve

what innervates the triceps brachii?

elbow extension

what are the actions of the triceps brachii?

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

what is the proximal attachment of the anconeus?

olecranon and proximal posterior surface of the ulna

what is the distal attachment of the anconeus?

radial nerve

what innervates the anconeus?

assists triceps in elbow extension, abducts ulna during forearm pronation

what are the actions of the anconeus?

ulnar head = coronoid process of the ulna

humeral head = medial epicondyle of the humerus

what is the proximal attachment of the pronator teres?

middle of lateral surface of radius

what is the distal attachment of the pronator teres?

median nerve

what innervates the pronator teres?

forearm pronation and elbow flexion

what are the actions of the pronator teres?

medial epicondyle of humerus

what is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?

base of 2nd metacarpal

what is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?

median nerve

what innervates the flexor carpi radialis?

wrist flexion and radial deviation

what are the actions of the flexor carpi radialis?

medial epicondyle of the humerus

what is the proximal attachment of the palmaris longus?

flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

what is the distal attachment of the palmaris longus?

median nerve

what innervates the palmaris longus?

wrist flexion and tenses palmar aponeurosis

what are the actions of the palmaris longus?

humeral head = medial epicondyle of the humerus

ulnar head = the posterior of the olecranon of the ulnar

what is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

pisiform, the hook of the hamate, 5th metacarpal

what is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

ulnar nerve

what innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?

wrist flexion and ulnar deviation

what are the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?