Differential Diagnosis in Abnormal Psychology Based on DSM-5

Flashcards about Differential Diagnosis in Abnormal Psychology based on DSM-5

Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)

Global deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning (e.g., reasoning, problem-solving). Symptoms present during the developmental period. Lifelong

Specific Learning Disorder

Difficulties in learning and using academic skills (e.g., reading, writing, math). Not due to global intellectual impairment.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Underperformance due to inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Symptoms present for at least 6 months

Anorexia Nervosa

Intense fear of gaining weight or being fat, significant weight loss. Avoids food due to body image concerns. Persistent

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

Avoidance or restriction of food leading to significant weight loss or nutritional deficiency. Fixated on the idea that they do not like food itself or its sensory properties. Persistent

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Argumentativeness, defiance, vindictiveness, and verbal aggression. At least 6 months

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

Severe temper outbursts and persistent anger and irritability between outbursts. At least 12 months in two or more settings

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

Emotionally withdrawn behavior towards adult caregivers, avoiding caregivers. Symptoms present before age 5

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)

Reduced reservation on approaching strangers, inappropriate social interactions. Persistent (symptoms often lasting beyond infancy)

Conduct Disorder (CD)

Patterned antisocial behavior, violating societal norms or the rights of others. Persistent

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

Irritable mood with severe temper outbursts. At least 12 months

Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)

Failure to resist aggressive impulses, leading to explosive outbursts. Episodic

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Persistent defiance and argumentativeness against authority figures. At least 6 months

Alzheimer’s Disease

Insidious, progressive, and irreversible memory decline. Chronic, progressive

Delirium

Acute and reversible disturbance in attention and awareness. Acute

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Localized or generalized amnesia linked to trauma, memory per alter. Persistent

Anorexia Nervosa

Low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight. Persistent

Bulimia Nervosa

Recurrent binge-eating episodes followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors. Persistent

Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

Recurrent binge-eating without compensatory behaviors, eating past fullness, and feelings of guilt. Persistent

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Chronic suspicion, can be convinced that suspicion is baseless. Persistent

Delusional Disorder (Persecutory Type)

Chronic suspicions, cannot be convinced of their baselessness. Persistent

Schizophrenia

Chronic suspicion associated with hallucinations, cannot be convinced. Persistent

Substance Use Disorder

Suspicion associated with drug use, often reversible upon cessation. Episodic

Normal Individuals

Respect, responsible care, balanced affection. Contextual

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)

Love-bombing, gaslighting, superiority complex. Persistent

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Dependence on others for self-esteem, impulsivity, and instability in relationships. Persistent

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Depressive episodes with no psychotic features. At least 2 weeks

MDD with Psychotic Features

Depressive episodes with hallucinations and/or delusions exclusively during depressive episodes. At least 2 weeks

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

Depressed mood for most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years. At least 2 years

MDD + PDD with Psychotic Features

Features of both PDD and MDD with psychotic symptoms occurring exclusively during depressive episodes. At least 2 years

Bipolar I Disorder (BP-I)

At least one manic episode; depressive episodes not required for diagnosis. At least 1 week for mania

BP-I with Psychotic Features

Manic or depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms exclusively during mood episodes. Episodic

Schizoaffective Disorder

Chronic psychotic symptoms with episodes of mania, hypomania, or depression. Chronic

Bipolar II Disorder (BP-II)

At least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode. At least 4 days for hypomania

BP-II with Psychotic Features

Major depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms occurring exclusively during depressive episodes. Episodic

Schizoaffective Disorder

Chronic psychotic symptoms with episodes of mania, hypomania, or depression. Chronic

Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)

Distress about physical symptoms; anxiety is specific to the experienced symptoms. Persistent

Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD)

Anxiety about acquiring serious illnesses; generally fixated on the possibility of multiple diseases. Persistent

Delusional Disorder (Somatic Type)

Fixed false belief about having a specific illness; cannot be reassured by medical tests or results. Persistent

Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD)

Avoids situations involving evaluation due to feelings of inadequacy or fear of rejection; no panic attacks. Persistent

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

Avoids evaluation due to intense fear of embarrassment or negative judgment; associated with panic attacks in such situations. Persistent

Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD)

Avoids evaluation due to indifference to criticism or praise; lacks interest in social relationships. Persistent

Insomnia Disorder

Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity. At least 3 nights per week for 3 months

Hypersomnolence Disorder

Excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period lasting at least 7 hours, with difficulty waking up. At least 3 nights per week for 3 months

Narcolepsy

Recurrent irrepressible need to sleep, lapses into sleep, and possible cataplexy episodes. Chronic

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea

Repeated episodes of airway obstruction during sleep leading to disrupted sleep and daytime fatigue. Persistent

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

Unpleasant sensations in the legs leading to an urge to move them, worsening at night. Persistent

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

Misalignment between the desired and actual sleep schedule leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia. Persistent

Tourette’s Disorder

Multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, present at some time, though not necessarily concurrently. At least 1 year

Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

Either motor or vocal tics (not both), present throughout the disorder. At least 1 year

Provisional Tic Disorder

Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics. Less than 1 year

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behavior (e.g., hand flapping). Persistent

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Repetitive behaviors driven by obsessions or compulsions. Persistent