[MT] RESPIRATORY SYSTEM pt.2 (Conducting Portion - nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx)

nasal cavity consists of

respiratory epithelium
olfactory epithelium

Lining of respiratory epithelium

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells.

Propel mucus and dirt.

Cilia

Produce mucus.

Goblet cells

Lining of Olfactory epithelium

Specialized pseudostratified epithelium

Cells of Olfactory Epithelium

Olfactory receptor cells
Supporting cells
Basal cells

Lamina Propria of the Nasal Cavity contains

Venous plexuses
Seromucous glands

In the lamina proprtia, this warms incoming air

Venous plexuses

In the lamina proprtia, this trap particulates

Seromucous glands

Near the nasal cavity.

Nasopharynx

What type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells/respiratory epithelium

What type of epithelium lines the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Designed to withstand mechanical abrasion.

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

what cartilage does larynx contains?

hyaline and elastic cartilage

What type of epithelium lines the vocal cords?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that is the most abundant.

Ciliated columnar cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that has 250 to 300 cilia on its apical surface.

Ciliated columnar cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that moves mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.

Ciliated columnar cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that is large and found in high numbers.

Goblet cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that contains basal nuclei and granules of mucin glycoproteins.

Goblet cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that secretes mucus to trap dust, microbes, and other particles.

Goblet cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that is less abundant than ciliated and goblet cells.

Brush cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that has small apical surfaces with short, blunt microvilli.

Brush cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that functions as a chemosensory receptor, similar to gustatory (taste) cells.

Brush cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that contains signal transduction components and has synaptic contact with afferent nerve endings on its basal surface.

Brush cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that detects chemical stimuli (odors) in the nasal cavity.

Brush cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that is difficult to identify in routine tissue preparations.

Small granule cells (Kulchitsky Cells)

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that contains numerous dense-core granules (100 to 300 nm in diameter).

Small granule cells (Kulchitsky Cells)

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that is part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES).

Small granule cells (Kulchitsky Cells)

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that functions similarly to enteroendocrine cells of the gut.

Small granule cells (Kulchitsky Cells)

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that represents only 3% of the respiratory epithelium.

Small granule cells (Kulchitsky Cells)

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that is mytotically active and acts as a stem cell.

Basal cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that undergoes mitosis to produce new epithelial cell types.

Basal cells

Cell type of respiratory epithelium that regenerates and maintains the respiratory epithelium.

Basal cells

Specialized region of the mucous membrane covering the superior conchae at the roof of the nasal cavity.

Olfactory Epithelium

size of olfactory epithelium in humans

10 cm² in area, up to 100 μm thick.

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that is a bipolar neuron.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium present throughout the epithelium.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium with nuclei forming an irregular row near the middle of the thick epithelium.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium with an apical dendrite that has a knob-like swelling containing about a dozen basal bodies.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium with long cilia projecting into the aqueous layer above.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium whose cilia contain non-motile axonemes to provide a large surface area for transmembrane chemoreceptors.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that detects odoriferous substances.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that generates an action potential along its axon.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium with axons that extend from the basal ends of neurons and leave the epithelium.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium whose axons unite in the lamina propria to form small nerves that travel to the olfactory bulb via the olfactory nerve.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that transmits impulses when odor molecules are detected.

Olfactory neurons

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that is columnar with narrow bases and broad cylindrical apices.

Supporting cells

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that contains nuclei and extends microvilli into the fluid layer.

Supporting cells

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that expresses ion channels to help maintain a microenvironment for olfactory function and neuron survival.

Supporting cells

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that is small, spherical, or cone-shaped near the basal lamina.

Basal cells

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that serves as a stem cell for olfactory neurons and supporting cells.

Basal cells

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that replaces olfactory neurons every 2-3 months.

Basal cells

Cell type of the olfactory epithelium that replaces supporting cells less frequently.

Basal cells

Passage located posterior to the nasal cavity and continuous caudally with the oropharynx.

Nasopharynx

Part of the pharynx that leads to the larynx and esophagus.

Nasopharynx

Lining of the nasopharynx.

Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells)

Structure in the nasopharynx that contains the openings of the two auditory tubes.

Nasopharynx

Part of the pharynx that contains the medial pharyngeal tonsil.

Nasopharynx

Short passage for airflow between the pharynx and trachea.

Larynx

Structure with a rigid wall reinforced by hyaline and elastic cartilage.

Larynx

Structure that contains hyaline cartilage in the thyroid, cricoid, and inferior arytenoid cartilages.

Larynx

Function of this structure includes maintaining an open airway and contributing to sound production.

Larynx

Structure that enables voice production through cartilage movement.

Larynx