[PRELIM] TOXILEC M1 SUBDIVISIONS OF TOXICOLOGY

Arsenic, copper, phosphorus

Components of La Cantarella

Lead

This chemical is used as pigment for the manufacture of paint during the 19th Century in the US

Asbestos

This toxic chemical was used in textiles, building materials, insulation, and brake linings

asbestosis, lung cancer & malignant mesothelioma

In humans, asbestos causes 3 forms of lung disease, which are ________________ (3)

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Asbestosis is also called as _________________

Polonium-210

Chemical used in a case with overtones of espionage

Melamine; lead; GHB

In 2007 & 2008, incidents of product contamination occur, often via international trade; some examples are __________in pet foods; ________ in toys, and a glue that metabolize to ________

Descriptive Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] works on the testing and data collection aspect as a result of animal experimentation. The data can then be used to predict reactions in the human population.

Mechanistic Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] works more on the organism systems or the organism level. A toxicologist under this subdiscipline works to determine how particular chemicals exert their adverse effects on an organism and how the effects can be harmful.

Mechanistic Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] Permits mechanistic toxicologists to identify and protect genetically susceptible individuals from harmful environmental exposures, and to customize drug therapies based on their individual genetic makeup

Regulatory Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals, not just on humans, but also on all living organisms including plants, animals, fungi and insects.

Regulatory Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] work focuses on the risk decision-making based on data from mechanistic and descriptive toxicology

Regulatory Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] set standards for "safe" exposure

Forensic Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] The measurement of drugs and toxins in tissues for medico-legal purposes (e.g., determining cause of death)

Forensic Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] Focuses on the medical and legal aspects of toxicants on humans and animals

Forensic Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] It asks "why did they die?"

Clinical Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] the measurement and interpretation of concentrations of drugs and other toxic substances in human biological fluids for the purpose of patient care

Clinical Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] diagnosis & treatment of human poisoning

Occupational Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] focuses on toxicological hazards occurring in workplace, with objective of preventing adverse effects in workers

Reproductive Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] studies the occurrence of adverse effects of toxicant exposure on the male or female reproductive system

Developmental Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] studies life-long adverse effects of toxicant arising from exposures: before conception; during prenatal development; and postnatal to puberty

Environmental Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] study of chemicals that contaminate food, water, soil, or the atmosphere

Ecotoxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] considers impacts on population dynamics in a natural ecosystem

Veterinary Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] diagnosis and treatment of poisoning in animals other than humans, particularly livestock and companion animals, but not excluding feral species

Emergency Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] the laboratory diagnosis of the presence and severity of drug overdose, often in the comatose or obtunded patient

Genetic Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] The study of the toxic effects on the genetic material -originated with the experiments of Muller (1927) who observed, "artificial transmutation of the gene by ionizing radiation of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster

Muller

His experiments made the foundation of Genetic Toxicology; he observed artificial transmutation of the gene by ionizing radiation of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster

Gene mutation

[Types of Genetic Change] Change in DNA sequence within a gene

Chromosome aberration

[Types of Genetic Change] changes in the chromosome structure

Aneuploidy/polyploidy

[Types of Genetic Change] Increase or decrease in number of chromosomes

Immunotoxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] Refers to the adverse effects various substances can exert on the immune system

Analytical Toxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] Concerned with the identification & quantification of toxic chemicals in biologic materials

Nanotoxicology

[Subdisciplines of Toxicology] Study of the safety and potential hazards of nanoparticles and nanotubules