asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction

Involves one parent only

All offspring produced by one parent are as a result of

Mitosis

Offspring are also identical and called

Clones

Binary fission

The parent cell splits into 2 daughter cells by mitosis

Explain binary fission in amoeba

It grows to a certain size and begins to divide, amoeba pulls in its pseudopodia and the nucleus divides. Cytoplasm divides - two identical daughter amoebae are formed.

Vegetative propagation

New plants are formed from vegetative organs at the start of each growing season eg. Bulbs, stems, takers or the outgrowth of the old plant eg. Plantlets.

Artificial vegetative propagation

Humans made use of the ability of plants to reproduce vegetatively by taking cuttings or carrying out grafting.

Cuttings

Parts of plants that develop roots and shoots to became new plants

Example one of a cutting (hibiscus)

Piece of stem with 2 or 3 leaves are planted. Roots grow from the cut ends.

Example two of a cutting (cane)

Pieces of stem two internodes long are placed horizontally on the soil. Roots and shoots develop at the nodes.

Grafting

The shoot of a young plant bearing fruits or flowers is attached to the stem of an established root system. This shoot grows into a new plant which has beneficial characteristics of stock and shoot eg. Citrus, mango, and rose trees.

Another word for the shoot when talking about grafting is

Scion

Another word for the root system is

Stock

Cloning in plants and animals

Single cells from some plants and are given suitable nutrients and hormones induced to divide by mitosis to produce new plants identical to each other.

What's an example of cloning in plants and animals?

Nuclei taken from a frogs intestine and introduced to an ova whose nuclei have been destroyed by ultra - violet light causes the ova to grow into tadpoles and frogs identical to each other and to the frog from which the nuclei was taken.