The Distribution and Characteristics of Global Ecosystems

Describe the tundra biome.

From the arctic circle to about 60-70° N of the equator.

Very small areas in Canada and northern Europe.

Sun rays have little strength, short and tough plants, winters are very cold, summers brief, little rainfall.

Describe polar/alpine biome.

Located in the arctic and antarctic regions (and mountains)

Mostly ice and very cold all year. There are tiny plants that may be evident at times but its mostly barren. Dark for several months.

Describe the tropical rainforest biome.

Close to the equator between tropics of cancer and Capricorn.

Sun rays are concentrated at this latitude, heating moist air which rises leading to heavy rainfall. Little seasonal variation.

Describe the temperate grasslands biome.

Approximately 30-40°N/S of the equator. Inland, away from the coast. Hot summers, cold winters.

Short tussock and feather grasses dominate the landscape between 40°-60°N of the equator.

Describe the Mediterranean biome.

Approximately 40°-45°N of the equator. Also in isolated locations south of the equator, eg. South Africa.

Drought resistant, small trees and evergreen shrubs. Very warm summers.

Describe the coniferous forest biome.

Approximately 50°-60°N of the equator.

Very cold winters due to low insolation. Trees evolved to have needles that reduce heat and moisture loss.

Describe the deciduous forest biome.

Approximately 50°-60°N of the equator.

Rain bearing storms regularly arrive due to jet stream. Sun rays are weaker at this latitude.

Describe the tropical grasslands / savannah biome.

Between 15-30°N/S of the equator.

Distinct wet/dry seasons but rainfall is still very low.

There are grasses and a few scattered trees.