Glycolysis/Fermentation

Aerobic respiration

with oxygen, prep/Krebs, electron transport phosphorylation

where does the prep/Krebs cycle take place?

in the mitochondria

where does electron transport phosphorylation take place?

in the mitochondria

anaerobic respiration

without oxygen, fermentation

where does fermentation take place?

in the cytoplasm

what are 2 types of respiration?

aerobic and anaerobic

where does glycolysis occur?

in the cytoplasm

when does glycolysis occur?

before either anaerobic or aerobic respiration

what does the presence or absence of oxygen determine?

determines what happens to the products of glycolysis

how many parts does glycolysis have?

2 parts

what are the 2 parts of glycolysis?

energy requiring and energy extracting

what happens in the energy requiring process of glycolysis?

glucose phosphorylated by 2ATP

what happens in the energy extracting process of glycolysis?

each PGAL is converted to a pyruvate - 4 ATP are phosphorylated and 2 NAD are reduced to 2NADH

what is substrate level phosphorylation?

phosphorylation of ADP to ATP by the conversion of substrates

what is an example of substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

PGAL to pyruvate

when does fermentation occur?

in the cytoplasm after glycolysis

what is fermentation?

the process of dealing with non ATP products of glycolysis without oxygen (Pyruvate and NADH)

what do humans ferment?

lactic acid (lactate)

what do bacteria, yeast, and fungi ferment?

alcohol (have a CO2 byproduct)

where does the only ATP produced during Anaerobic respiration come from?

glycolysis (fermentation alone produces no ATP)

why was fermentation an important part of development of the early Earth?

allowed CO₂ into the atmosphere

what can phosphorylated glucose be converted into?

2PGAL

what are the reactants of glycolysis?

2 ATP, 1 glucose, 2 NAD

what are the products of glycolysis?

4 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

what goes into lactate?

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

what comes out of lactate?

2 lactate, 2 NAD

what goes into alcohol?

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

what comes out of alcohol?

2 alcohol, 2 NAD