Freshwater test 2

saturated zone

area of ground that is located below the water table

unsaturated zone

area above water table that water infiltrates through

water table

level betweeen saturated and unsaturated zone

percolation

water moving through soil, in a very slow process

hyporheic zone

area where ground water that is found directly below a stream or river, typically has high biodiversity of animals

watershed

terrestrial drainage area in which surface runoff flows into a stream at or above a given point

autochthonous production

energetic food web chain that rests in a foundation of photosynthesis within the ecosystem

allochthonous production

energetic food web chain that imports material to be the foundation of the food chain (leaves falling into headwater streams)

CaCO3, CO2

two forms of inorganic carbon

H2CO3

carbonic acid

HCO3

bicarbonate

CO3

carbonate

carbon dioxide

carbon type found in ph 0-8

bicarbonate

carbon type found in ph 4-12

carbonate

carbon type found in ph 8+

FeS2

pyrite

FeOH3

iron hydroxide

SO4+H

Sulfuric acid

oligotrophic 

lakes that have less than 10ppb phosphorus, medium production, clear water

mesotrophic 

lakes that have 10-50 ppb phosphorus, medium production

Eutrophic

lakes that have more than 50 ppb phosphorus, tend to be turbid and smelly

ecosystem subsides

one ecosystem giving energy to another, i.e., salmon move nutrients from downstream up upstream terrestrial systems

geological uplift

phase of phosphorus cycle where tectonic activity leads to phosphorus trapped under the ocean to become bedrock where it can be geologically weathered

67

number of mussel species in PA

mollusca

phylum that mussels are in

inorganic 

carbon that can not be metabolized, such as CaCO3 or CO2

photosynthesis, buffering capacity 

two important functions of inorganic carbon

phosphorus

limiting nutrient of lakes

phosphorus/nitrogen

limiting nutrient of rivers

nitrogen

limiting nutrient of marine

nitrogen

limiting nutrient of forests

Rebecca Fagley

lady from venango county conservation district

nitrification

when NH3 turns into NO2 in the nitrogen cycle

chemical, evasive behaviors, morphological, and flexible traits

types of anti-predator defenses

olfaction, a change in environment, and a cost of the flexible trait

things needed for flexible defenses

trait mediated indirect interaction

TMII

unionidae

scientific name for pearly mussels

northern riffleshell

type of mussel that catches the fishes head to dispense its glochidia

conglutinate

small free floating structure containing glochidia

Ben Smith

watershed specialist from Jefferson County Conservation district

Shane Hoifus

watershed specialist from Clarion County Conservation district

Alicia Ramsey

DGLVR specialist from Clarion County Conservation district

microbial remineralization

part of phosphorus cycle when dead fish turn back into PO4

export

part of phosphorus cycle when phosphorus leaves the soils and ends up in lakes

denitrification 

process of NO3 turning into NO2 which then turns into NH3 which eventually turns into N2