The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, including structures and functions of the nervous system, comparisons with the endocrine system, reflex arcs, and protection mechanisms for the CNS.

Nervous System

Transmits electrical impulses to skeletal muscles and exocrine glands through organized pathways.

Endocrine System

Secretes hormones into the blood to act on distant target cells throughout the body.

Neuron

A cell that transmits nerve impulses, has a close relationship with its target cells.

Neurotransmitter

Chemical messenger released by neurons to communicate with target cells.

Afferent Division

Part of the peripheral nervous system that sends sensory information to the CNS.

Efferent Division

Part of the peripheral nervous system that sends motor information away from the CNS to effectors.

Interneuron

A neuron located entirely within the CNS that connects afferent and efferent neurons.

Glial Cells

Support cells in the nervous system that do not send signals but support neurons.

Astrocyte

A type of glial cell that holds neurons together, guides development, and maintains the blood-brain barrier.

Oligodendrocyte

Glial cell that forms myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A fluid that cushions the brain and spinal cord and helps maintain stable environment for the CNS.

Blood-Brain Barrier

Protective mechanism that regulates the exchange of substances between the blood and the brain.

Reflex Arc

A neural pathway that controls a reflex action, consisting of receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, and effector.

Stretch Reflex

A reflex that occurs when a muscle is stretched and activates a response to counteract it.

Crossed Extensor Reflex

A reflex that involves the flexor and extensor muscles and occurs on the opposite side of a stimulus.