U.S. Industrialization 2024 (Tichoc)

Industrialization

The change from man-made goods in homes with skilled workers to mass production in factories with unskilled workers using machines.

mass production

production of many identical goods through the use of machinery and assembly lines; this is more efficient and lowers the cost

rural areas

areas in the countryside; most people in the U.S. lived here before the 1880s

natural resources

raw materials which are needed for factories to produce goods

urban areas

cities or large towns; this is where factories were located

Factors of production

Land, labor, and capital; the groups of resources necessary to make goods and services. The US had a lot of these, so industrialization could happen.

labor

workers in a factory or corporation

Samuel Morse

created 1st working telegraph & language used to communicate across the U.S.

capital resources

the machinery and factories needed to mass produce goods; another meaning is money to start up/run a co.

Cyrus Field

He laid the first telegraph wire across the Atlantic Ocean.

Alexander Graham Bell

invented 1st practical telephone

Thomas Edison

Inventor of lightbulb, phonograph (record player), movie camera, etc.

George Eastman

invented the Kodak camera, the first affordable personal camera

Wright Brothers

created the first successful motorized airplane in 1903

Capitalism

the people own & control the factors of production; government is mainly hands off the economy (laissez-faire); profit motivates people; US economic system

Corporation

businesses owned by many shareholders or investors; corporations were a new way for businesses to organize and allowed them to spread the cost of mass production by selling stock

stock

A share of ownership in a corporation

Captain of Industry

leaders who built key industries necessary for U.S. industrialization - steel, oil, and railroads; positive

Robber Barons

alternate name for excessively wealthy Captains of Industry when noting ruthless & sometimes illegal methods and making lots of profits while not paying workers much

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Captain of Industry for Railroads; he was one of the 5 RR barons who controlled U.S. shipping

Monopoly

one person or business controls the industry; results in higher prices and less innovation

John D. Rockefeller

Captain of Industry for oil, created Standard Oil Trust of OH

Andrew Carnegie

Captain of Industry in Steel; steel is man-made and not a natural resource.

JP Morgan

Captain of Industry for banking; bought out Carnegie Steel to create U.S. Steel

Henry Ford

Captain of Industry for cars; created the Model T in 1908

Assembly line

In a factory, a product is moved from worker to worker on a conveyor belt, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product. Uses unskilled workers.

Effect of Assembly Line

More products are produced, more quickly, and at a lower cost per item. It is efficient.

Chicago

center for meat packing industry

Detroit

where U.S. automobile industry and Ford Motor Co. was centered

Pittsburgh

home to Carnegie Steel; the Homestead plant is near here

mail order catalogs

This brought consumer products to rural areas. Now everyone in the US could buy the same goods. Example: Sears & Roebuck, J.C. Penney.

chain stores

These were new shops where even the working class could afford to buy goods. These stores had a wide variety of lower cost, lower end goods available. Example: Woolworths

department stores

These stores or shops were located in large cities and had a wide variety of higher quality, but more expensive goods. Mainly middle class & upper class shoppers went to these stores. Example: Macy's

child labor

using children to work in factories and businesses; employers paid them less

labor union

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and hours; they use "collective bargaining" to negotiate together