Unit 2: Molecules of life

Monosaccharide

Building block of carbohydrates; Ex= glucose, galactose, fructose

Disaccharides

Two simple sugars bonded together; Ex= sucrose, lactose, or maltose

Polysaccharides

Multiple sugars bonded together; Ex= starch, cellulose

Lipid bilayer

Flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane

Nucleotide

Building block of DNA

Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins

Enzymes

Proteins that break down OR build molecules; protein catalysts

Substrate

Molecule(s) that an enzyme changes

Denature

Unfold protein structure

Catalysts

Substance that changes the rate of a reaction without itself being changed

Active site

Location on the enzyme where the substrate will bind

Carbohydrate (use)

Main source of energy

Lipid (use)

Long term energy storage (think fat); makes up the cell membrane

Protein (use)

Structure, function & regulation of our body

Nucleic acid (use)

Hereditary material (think DNA)

Fatty acid

building block of lipids

Organic compounds

Contain carbon; examples include lipids, proteins, and carbs